ABSTRACT
Naturally flows have been the scope of the scientific research for centuries, Rayleigh-Benard convection being one of the leading. Many researchers have considered the flow patterns, boundary conditions, various cavities, nanofluids, theoretically, numerically, and experimentally. The flow was investigated in atmosphere and in nanofluids, in air, water, molten metals, non-Newtonian fluids. Almost all research focuses on 2-D or 3-D analysis of flow in laterally unlimited enclosures, as parallel plates or coaxial cylinders. In technical practice, only limited enclosures exist. This paper presents numerical and real experimental results for the test chamber with ratio 4×2×1 in x-, y-, and z direction, respectfully. The measurements were taken at fifteen different positions on the faces of the tank. Probes used are PT100 elements. As the chamber is limited in all directions, the results have shown strong influence of the lateral walls. The results are compared with the those obtained by IR camera. Various fluids were tested, and results for motor oil will be presented.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2023-06-07
PAPER REVISED: 2023-07-17
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2023-07-30
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2023-10-08
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2023, VOLUME
27, ISSUE
Issue 6, PAGES [4525 - 4537]
- Rayleigh, O. M., LIX. On Convection Currents in a Horizontal Layer of Fluid, when the Higher Temperature is on the Under Side, The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Sixth series, 32 (1916), 192, pp. 529-546
- Block, M. J., Surface Tension as the Cause of Benard Cells and Surface Deformation Film, Nature (London), 178 (1956), Sept., pp. 650-651
- Pearson, J. R. A., On Convection Cells Induced by Surface Tension, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 4 (1958), 5, pp. 489- 500
- Hartmann, D. L., Tropical Convection and the Energy Balance at the Top of the Atmosphere, Journal of Climate, 14 (2001), 24, pp. 4495-4951
- Marshall, J., et al., Open-Ocean Convection: Observations, Theory, and Models, Reviews of geophysics, 37 (1999), 1, pp. 1-64
- Rahmstorf, S., Thermohaline Ocean Circulation, Encyclopaedia of Quaternary Sciences, Edited by S. A. Elias. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherland, 2006
- Hunt, G. R., et al., The Fluid Mechanics of Natural Ventilation - Displacement Ventilation by Buoyancy-Driven Flows Assisted by Wind, Energy and the Environment, 34 (1999), 6, pp. 707-720
- Cui, H., et al., Transitional Free Convection Flow and Heat Transfer within Attics in Cold Climate, Thermal Science, 26 (2022), 6A, pp. 4699-4709
- Brent, A. D., et al., Enthalpy Porosity Technique for Modelling Convection-Diffusion Phase Change - Application to the Melting of a Pure Metal, Numerical Heat Transfer, 13 (1988), 3, pp. 297-318
- McKenzie, D. P., et al., Convection in the Earth's Mantle: Towards a Numerical Simulation, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 62 (1974), 3, pp. 465-538
- Cardin, P., et al., Chaotic Thermal Convection in a Rapidly Rotating Spherical Shell: Consequences for Flow in the Outer Core, Physics of The Earth and Planetary Interiors, 82 (1994), 3-4, pp. 235-259
- Cattaneo, F., et al., On the Interaction Between Convection and Magnetic Fields, Astrophysics Journal, 588 (2003), 2, pp. 1183-1198
- Glatzmaier, G. A., et al., A 3-Dimensional Self-Consistent Computer Simulation of a Geomagnetic Field Reversal, Nature, 377 (1995), Sept., pp. 203-209
- Jovanović, M. M., et al., Rayleigh-Benard Convection Instability in the Presence of Temperature Variation at the Lower Wall, Thermal Science, 16 (2012), Suppl. 2, pp. S281-S294
- Zhou, J., Numerical Simulation of the Energy-Stable Scheme for Swift-Hohenberg Equation, Thermal Science, 23 (2019), Suppl. 3, pp. S669-S676
- Jovanović, M. M., et al., The Horizontal Convection of an Inclined Viscous Fluid-flow, Innovative Mechanical Engineering, 1 (2022), 3, pp. 49-60
- Chandrasekhar, S., Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability, Dover, New York, USA, 1981
- Drazin, P., Reid, W. H., Hydrodynamic stability, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1981
- Bodenschatz, E., et al., Recent Developments in Rayleigh-Benard Convection, Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech., 32 (2000), 1, pp. 709-778
- Getling, A. V., Rayleigh-Benard Convection: Structures and Dynamics, World Scientific, Singapore, 1998
- Ebert, A., et al., Experimental Study of Temperature Distribution and Local Heat Flux for Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection of Air in a Long Rectangular Enclosure, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 51 (2008), 17-18, pp. 4238-4248
- Anderson, T. N., et al., Experimental Determination of Natural Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients in an Attic Shaped Enclosure, Int. Com. in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37 (2010), 4, 360-363
- Sheel J. D., Rotating Rayleigh-Benard Convection, Ph. D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Cal., USA, 2007
- Ayed, S., et al., Experimental Study of Temperature Distribution for Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection in Rectangular Tank, Annals of Faculty Engineering Hunedoara - International Journal of Engineering, 12 (2014), 1, pp. 117-120
- Bairi, A., et al, A Review on Natural Convection in Enclosures for Engineering Applications. The Particular Case of the Parallelogrammic Diode Cavity, Applied Thermal Eng., 63 (2014), 1, pp. 304- 322
- Pourmahmoud, N., et al., Numerical Comparison of Viscosity Models on Mixed Convection in Double Lid-Driven Cavity Utilized CuO-Water Nanofluid, Thermal Science, 20 (2016), 1, pp. 347-358
- El-Maghlany, W., et al., Mixed Convection in an Eccentric Annulus Filled by Copper Nanofluid, Thermal Science, 20 (2016), 5, pp. 1597-1608
- Astanina, M. S., et al., Effect of Thermal Radiation on Natural Convection in a Square Porous Cavity Filled with a Fluid of Temperature-Dependent Viscosity, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), 1B, pp. 391-399
- Laidoudi, H., et al., Mixed Convection in Poiseuille Fluid from an Asymmetrically Confined Heated Circular Cylinder, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), 2, pp. 821-834
- Hadjadj, S., et al., Entropy Generation of Aiding Mixed Thermal Convection, Between Two Non- Parallel Vertical Plates with Uniform Temperature, Thermal Science, 23 (2019), 2A, pp. 465-474
- Alkhalidi, A., et al., Rarefaction and Scale Effects on Heat Transfer Characteristics for Enclosed Rectangular Cavities Heated from Below, Thermal Science, 23 (2019), 3B, pp. 1791-1800
- Chen, J., et al., Numerical Investigation on Saturated Boiling Flow and Heat Transfer of Mixture Refrigerant in a Vertical Rectangular Mini-Channel, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), Suppl. 2, pp. S617- S627
- Wang, W., et al., Analysis and Correlation of Fluid Motions in Natural Thermal Convection in a Cylindrical Vessel, Thermal Science, 23 (2019), Suppl. 3, pp. S859-S865
- Laidoudi, H., Natural Convection from Four Circular Cylinders in Across Arrangement within Horizontal Annular Space, Acta Mechanica et Automatica, 14 (2020), 2, pp. 98-102
- Laidoudi, H., et al.: Natural-Convection of Newtonian Fluids Between Two Concentric Cylinders of a Special Cross-Sectional form, Thermal Science, 25 (2021), 5B, pp. 3701-3714
- Abderrahmane, A., et. al., 2D MHD Mixed Convection in A Zigzag Trapezoidal Thermal Energy Storage System Using NEPCM, Nanomaterials, 12 (2022), 19, 3270
- Maneengam, A., et. al., Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces, Nanomaterials, 12 (2022), 13, 2206
- Asmadi, M. S., et al., Nanoparticle Shape Effect on the Natural-Convection Heat Transfer of Hybrid Nanofluid Inside a U-Shaped Enclosure, Thermal Science, 26 (2022), 1B, pp. 463-475
- Sharma, P. K., et al., Rayleigh-Taylor Instability of Two Superposed Magnetized Viscous Fluids with Suspended Dust Particles, Thermal Science, 14 (2010), 1, pp. 11-29
- Cai, W., et al., Lattice Boltzmann Simulation of Rayleigh-Benard Convection in Enclosures Filled with Al2O3-Water Nanofluid, Thermal Science, 22 (2018), Suppl. 2, pp. S535-S545
- Aliouane, I., et. al., Investigation of the Flow and Thermal Fields in Square Enclosures: Rayleigh- Benard's Instabilities of Nanofluids, Ther. Sci. and Eng. Progress, 25 (2021), 100959
- Bairi, A., et al, Numerical and Experimental Study of Natural Convection in Tilted Parallelepipedic Cavities for Large Rayleigh Numbers, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 31 (2007), 4, pp. 309- 324
- Ayed, S., et al., Instability of Rayleigh-Benard Convection Affected by Inclined Temperature Variation, Proceedings, 12th International Conference DEMIC 2015, Chapel Hill, N. C. USA, pp. 373- 378
- Kenjeres, S., Hanjalic, K., Transient Analysis of Rayleigh-Benard Convection with a RANS Model, International Journal of Heat and Fluid-flow, 20 (1999), 3, pp. 329-340
- Kenjeres, S., et al., Reorganization of Turbulence Structure in Magnetic Rayleigh-Benard Convection: A T-RANS Study, Journal of Turbulence, 1 (2000), 8, pp. 1-22
- Sun, C., et al., Experimental Studies of the Viscous Boundary Layer Properties in Turbulent Rayleigh- Benard Convection, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 605 (2008), May, pp. 79-113
- Shishkina, O., et al., Thermal Boundary Layer Equation for Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection, Physical Review Letters, 104 (2008), 036311, pp. 1-5
- Reeuwijk, M. van, et al., Wind and Boundary Layers in Rayleigh-Benard Convection, I. Analysis and Modeling, Physical Review, E 77 (2010), 036311, pp. 1-15
- Reeuwijk, M. van, et al., Wind and boundary layers in Rayleigh-Benard Convection. II. Boundary Layer Character and Scaling, Physical Review, E 77 (2010), 036311, pp. 1-10
- Shi, N., et al., Boundary Layer Structure in Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 706 (2012), June, pp. 5-33
- Zhou, Q., et al., Measured Instantaneous Viscous Boundary Layer in Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection, Physical Review Letters, 114 (2015), 114302, pp. 1-4
- Wang, Y., et al., Boundary layer fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Benard convection, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 840 (2018), 3, pp. 408-431
- Ching, E. S. C., et al., Velocity and Thermal Boundary Layer Equations for Turbulent Rayleigh- Benard Convection, Physical Review Research, 3 (2019), 033037-1, pp. 1-7
- Huang, M., et al., Heat Transport and Temperature Boundary-Layer Profiles in Closed Turbulent Rayleigh-Benard Convection with Slippery Conducting Surfaces, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 943 (2022), A2, pp. 1-21
- Nourollahi, M., et al., Numerical Study of Mixed Convection and Entropy Generation in the Poiseulle- Benard Channel in Different Angles, Thermal Science, 14 (2010), 2, pp. 329-340
- Akrour, D., et al., A Theoretical and Numerical Study of Thermosolutal Convection: Stability of a Salinity Gradient Solar Pond, Thermal Science, 15 (2011), 1, pp. 67-80
- Newell, A. C., et al., Order Parameter Equations for Patterns, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 25 (1993), 1, pp. 399-453
- Ayed, S., et al., Experimental and Analytical Solution for Rayleigh-Benard Convection, International Journal of Computation and Applied Sciences IJOCAAS, 3 (2017), 2, pp. 224-232