ABSTRACT
Natural gas, which is also referred to as eco-friendly fuel, is being seen as a potential solution to challenge the decline of crude oil resources and the deteriorating air quality in urban areas. This fuel has been verified to emit less CO, HC, and PM compared to other fuels. A potential approach to reducing NOx and soot emissions while also achieving low fuel consumption is the low temperature combustion process. In this study, internal combustion engines were simulated under various conditions. The objective was to investigate the effect of different operating variables on the low temperature combustion mode. To begin with, a natural gas powered engine was modeled using complex chemical kinetics software. The outcomes of the simulation were then compared to experimental data, demonstrating a high level of agreement. Subsequently, the impacts of key variables, including the air-fuel ratio, compression ratio, and engine speed, were analyzed using a cycle simulation code. Increasing the compression ratio improves engine performance, and the specific fuel consumption decreases. However, it leads to a significant increase in NOx emissions until a certain value. Thereafter, it changes the trend. Engine speed indirectly affects performance by increasing fuel consumption and changing ignition timing. A leaner air fuel ration may be used to produce more power and keep the temperature of combustion below a certain value (low-temperature combustion), ensuring low NOx emissions.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2023-02-28
PAPER REVISED: 2023-03-11
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2023-06-10
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2023-09-17
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2023, VOLUME
27, ISSUE
Issue 4, PAGES [3457 - 3466]
- Vasudev, A., et al., Thermo-Kinetic Multi-Zone Modelling of Low Temperature Combustion Engines, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 91 (2022), July, 100998
- Van Basshuysen, R., Schäfer, F., Internal Combustion Engine Handbook, Sae International, 2016-03-07, 2016
- Zhao, H., et al., Understanding the Effects of Recycled Burnt Gases on the Controlled Autoignition (CAI) Combustion in Four-Stroke Gasoline Engines, SAE Transactions, 10 (2001), 4, pp. 2100-2113
- Woo, S., et al., Experimental Study on the Performance of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas Engine According to the Air Fuel Ratio, Fuel, 303 (2021), Nov., 121330
- Baumgarten, C., Mixture Formation in Internal Combustion Engines, Springer Science & Business Media, New York, USA, 2006
- Merker, G. P., et al., Combustion Engines Development: Mixture Formation, Combustion, Emissions and Simulation, Springer Science & Business Media, New York, USA, 2011
- Cleary, D., Silvas, G., Unthrottled Engine Operation with Variable Intake Valve Lift, Duration, and Timing, SAE Transactions, 116 (2007), 3, pp. 774-787
- Flierl, R., et al., Der Neue BMW Vierzylinder-Ottomotor mit Valvetronic, MTZ-Motortechnische Zeitschrift, 62 (2001), 6, pp. 450-463
- Yang, J., and Anderson, R. W., Fuel injection strategies to increase full-load torque output of a direct-injection SI engine, SAE transactions, 1998-02-23, 1998, pp. 498-505
- Shuai, S., et al., Simulating Low Temperature Diesel Combustion with Improved Spray Models, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48 (2009), 9, pp. 1786-1799
- Luong, M. B., Im, H. G., Prediction of the Developing Detonation Regime in a NTC-Fuel/Air Mixture with Temperature Inhomogeneities Under Engine Conditions, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 39 (2023), 4, pp. 4979-4988
- Xu, L., et al., LES/FGM Investigation of Ignition and Flame Structure in a Gasoline Partially Premixed Combustion Engine, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 39 (2023), 4, pp. 4851-4860
- Mahabadipour, H., et al., An Exergy Analysis Methodology for Internal Combustion Engines Using a Multi-Zone Simulation of Dual Fuel Low Temperature Combustion, Applied Energy, 256 (2019), Dec., 113952
- Xu, L., et al., Effects of Control Strategies for Mixture Activity and Chemical Reaction Pathway Coupled with Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Performance of Hydrogen-Enriched Natural-Gas Fueled Spark Ignition Engine, Fuel, 322 (2022), Aug., 124153
- Xu, L., et al., Effect of Piston Bowl Geometry and Compression Ratio on In-Cylinder Combustion and Engine Performance in a Gasoline Direct-Injection Compression Ignition Engine Under Different Injection Conditions, Applied Energy, 280 (2020), Dec., 115920
- Kakati, D., et al., Development and Validation of an Artificial Intelligence Platform for Characterization of the Exergy-Emission-Stability Profiles of the PPCI-RCCI Regimes in a Diesel-Methanol Operation Under Varying Injection Phasing Strategies: A Gene Expression Programming approach, Fuel, 299 (2021), Sept., 120864
- Shirvani, S., et al., Optimization of the Exergy Efficiency, Exergy Destruction, and Engine Noise Index in an Engine with Two Direct Injectors Using NSGA-II and Artificial Neural Network, International Journal of Engine Research, 24 (2023), 2, pp. 579-594
- Nuss, E., et al., Reduced Order Modeling for Multi-Scale Control of Low Temperature Combustion Engines, Proceedings, Active Flow and Combustion Control 2018: Papers Contributed to the Conference "Active Flow and Combustion Control 2018", Berlin, Germany (pp. 167-181), Springer International Publishing, 2019
- Ogink, R., Applications and Results of a User-Defined, Detailed-Chemistry HCCI Combustion Model in the AVL BOOST Cycle Simulation Code, Proceedings, International AVL User Meeting, Jihnstown, Penn., USA, 2003, pp. 14-15
- Milovanovic, N., et al., Influence of the Variable Valve Timing Strategy on the Control of a Homogeneous Charge Compression (HCCI) Engine, SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-1899, 2004
- Taghavifar, H., Mazari, F., 1-D Diesel Engine Cycle Modeling Integrated with MOPSO Optimization for Improved NOx Control and Pressure Boost, Energy, 247 (2022), May, 123517
- Narayanaswamy, K., Rutland, C. J., Cycle Simulation Diesel HCCI Modeling Studies and Control, SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-2997, 2004
- Lounici, M. S., Contribution à la Réduction de la Pollution Urbaine en Algérie Par Recours à L'utilisation de Carburants Alternatifs (Doctoral dissertation, Université de Boumerdès-M'hamed Bougara), (2011)
