THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Hatice Karadeniz

,

Eda Sağirli

,

Serpil Yeni̇soy-Karakaş

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF PM2.5 AT A SUBURBAN SITE IN THE NORTHWESTERN PART OF TURKEY

ABSTRACT
In this study, daily fine particulate matters (PM2.5) were sampled between February 22, 2011 and February 22, 2012 in Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Campus. 277 PM2.5 samples were collected by using a stacked filter unit. The 51 elements (Li, Be, Na, K, Mg, Al, P, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, W, Pt, Au, Pb, Bi, Tl, Th, U) were determined using ICP-MS technique. The most frequently observed elements were Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ce, and Cd in PM2.5. Aluminum, Ca, Na, Fe, K, and Mg were the elements having the largest arithmetic means. The concentrations of elements in the summer seasons were higher than the concentrations of elements in the winter season except for As and Bi. Source apportionment of elements was performed by using positive matrix factorization. Five sources were determined for the samples namely sea salt (Na, K, Mg, Ca), coal combustion (As, Pb, Bi, Tl, Cd, Sb, Se, Mo), wood and coal combustion (K, Rb, Se, Cs, Sb, Pb, Bi, Tl, Fe, Mn, Cd), soil (Ca, Mg, Ti, Fe, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Th), and industrial activity – iron-steel works (Cr, Mo, Fe, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cd, Sb, Ca). The factor of wood and coal combustion showed the same trend in the region for the whole year.
KEYWORDS
PM2.5, Source apportionment, elements, Positive Matrix Factorization, seasonal variation
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2022-02-27
PAPER REVISED: 2022-11-14
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2022-11-22
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2023-01-07
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI220227219K
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2023, VOLUME 27, ISSUE Issue 3, PAGES [2205 - 2214]
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Chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 at a suburban site in the northwestern part of Turkey

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence