In this article, the foaming slurry after the reaction of silicate inorganic gelling material sodium silicate and foaming agent azodicamide is taken as the main investigation object, and the mechanism of bubble nucleation and the effect of physical parameters such as temperature, time, viscosity and surface tension on the structure of bubble pores are analyzed. As well as the influence of processing technology such as foiling temperature, heating rate, holding time and various kinds of modifiers on the structure and properties of the material, the appropriate processing technology conditions and modifiers are screened out, and an inorganic foiling insulation material with light weight, high strength, heat preservation, fire prevention, no pollution, low cost, simple process and easy to use is prepared. The experimental results show that, although the properties of the prepared material are better with the increase of azodicarbonamide (ADC) content and viscosity, the maximum amount of ADC added is only 1%. When the ADC content in the system is greater than 1%, the foaming slurry will appear gel, which is not conducive to the late high temperature foaming and the uniformity of the final product. Therefore, the optimal amount of ADC is 1% of the mass of sodium silicate.