THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL AND DIMENSIONAL BEHAVIOR OF 3-D PRINTED MATERIALS USING THERMAL IMAGING AND 3-D SCANNING
ABSTRACT
Fused deposition modeling is one of the most widely used 3-D printing technologies, among other additive manufacturing processes, because it is easy to use, can produce parts faster, and the cost of the finished part is low. Printing processes and finished parts are often studied and characterized using different techniques to collect mechanical, numerical, thermal and dimensional data, with the aim of improving and optimizing the result. The first part of this research is based on the observation of temperature changes with a thermal imaging camera during the fused deposition modeling printing process and during the cooling process after printing. Specimens of polylactic acid and polylactic acid-X improved with second-phase particles were prepared to compare the thermal and dimensional properties of the two materials. The obtained results determined the characteristic temperature behavior of the materials. In the second part of the research, a 3-D optical scanner was used to verify the stability and accuracy of the printed specimens over time. The proposed measurement period showed that stabilization of the parameters takes place, and further follow-up should be performed thereafter.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2022-07-04
PAPER REVISED: 2022-11-03
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2022-11-04
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2023-02-25
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2023, VOLUME
27, ISSUE
Issue 1, PAGES [21 - 31]
- Evans, B., Practical 3D Printers, Paul Manning, New York, USA, 2012
- Abeykoon, C., et al., Optimization of Fused Deposition Modeling Parameters for Improved PLA and ABS 3D Printed Structures, International Journal of Lightweight Materials and Manufacture, 3 (2020), 3, pp. 284-297
- Arefin, A. M. E., et al., Polymer 3D Printing Review: Materials, Process, and Design Strategies for Medical Applications, Polymers, 13 (2021), 9, ID 1499
- Borish, M., A Survey of Thermal Sensing Application in Additive Manufacturing, Proceedings, SPIE 11743, Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLIII, 117430A, 12 April 2021
- Garzon-Hernandes, S., et al., Design of FDM 3D Printed Polymers: An Experimental-Modelling Methodology for the Prediction of Mechanical Properties, Materials and Design 188 (2020), Mar., ID 108414
- Ngo, T. D., et al., Additive Manufacturing (3D printing): A Review of Materials, Methods, Applications and Challenges. Compos. Part B Eng., 143 (2018), June, pp. 172-196
- Yuan, Y., et al., Prediction of Temperature and Crystal Growth Evolution During 3D Printing of Polymeric Materials via Extrusion., Materials and Design, 196 (2020), Nov., ID 109121
- Ariffin, M. M., et al., Slicer Method Comparison Using Open-Source 3D Printer, Proceedings, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, IOP Publishing, 114 (2018), 012018
- Dong, G., et al., Optimizing Process Parameters of Fused Deposition Modeling by Taguchi Method for the Fabrication of Lattice Structures, Additive Manufacturing, 19 (2018), Jan., pp. 62-72
- Dinwiddie R. B., et al., Infrared Imaging of the Polymer 3D-Printing Process, Proceedings, SPIE 9105, Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XXXVI, Bellingham, Wash., USA, 2014, pp. 910502
- Seppla, J. E., Migler, K. D., Infrared Thermography of Welding Zones Produced by Polymer Extrusion Additive Manufacturing, Additive Manufacturing, 12 (2016), Part A, pp. 71-76
- Malekipour, E., et al., Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modelling Process by Infrared Thermography, Procedia Manufacturing, 26 (2018), Jan., pp. 1014-1022
- Chalgham A., et al., Mechanical Properties of FDM Printed PLA Parts before and after Thermal Treatment, Polymers, 13 (2021), 8, ID 1239
- Kaveh M., et al. Optimization of the Printing Parameters Affecting Dimensional Accuracy and Internal Cavity for HIPS Material Used in Fused Deposition Modeling Processes, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 226 (2015), Dec., pp. 280-286
- Guessasma S., et al., On the Tensile Behaviour of Bio-Sourced 3D-Printed Structures from a Microstructural Perspective, Polymers, 12 (2020), 5, ID 1060
- Milovanović A., et al., Influence of Second-Phase Particles on Fracture Behaviour of PLA and Advanced PLA-X Material, Procedia Structural Integrity, 31 (2021), 9-10, pp. 122-126
- Geng, P., et al., Effect of Thermal Processing and Heat Treatment Condition on 3D Printing PPS Properties, Polymers, 10 (2018), 8, ID 875
- Ravoori, D., et al., Investigation of Process-Structure-Property Relationships in Polymer Extrusion Based Additive Manufacturing through In Situ High Speed Imaging and Thermal Conductivity Measurements, Additive Manufacturing 23 (2018), Oct., pp. 132-139
- Prajapati, H., et al., Measurement of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity and Inter-Layer Thermal Contact Resistance in Polymer Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Additive Manufacturing 21 (2018), May, pp. 84-90
- Prajapati H., et al., Measurement of the In-Plane Temperature Field on the Build Plate During Polymer Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Using Infrared Thermometry, Polymer Testing 92 (2020), Dec., ID 106866
- Garg, A., et al., Failure Investigation of Fused Deposition Modelling Parts Fabricated at Different Raster Angles under Tensile and Flexural Loading, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 231 (2015), 11, pp. 2031-2039
- Faes, M., et al., Influence of Inter-Layer Cooling Time on the Quasi-Static Properties of ABS Components Produced via Fused Deposition Modelling, Procedia CIRP, 42 (2016), Dec., pp. 748-753
- Kousiatza C., et al., Temperature Mapping of 3D Printed Polymer Plates: Experimental and Numerical Study, Sensors, 17 (2017), 3, ID 456
- Lalegani Dezaki, M., et al., An Overview of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM): Research, Development and Process Optimisation, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 27 (2021), 3, pp. 562-582
- Phan D. D., et al., Rheological and Heat Transfer Effects in Fused Filament Fabrication, J. Rheol., 62 (2018), 5, pp. 1097-1107
- Mantecon, R., et al., Experimental Assessment of Thermal Gradients and Layout Effects on the Mechanical Performance of Components Manufactured by Fused Deposition Modeling, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 28 (2022), 8, pp. 1598-1608
- Tang, Q. J., et al., Experimental Research on YSZ TBC Structure Delamination Defect Detection Using Long-Pulsed Excitation of Infrared Thermal Wave Non-Destructive Testing, Thermal Science, 23 (2019), 3A, pp. 1313-1321
- Tang, Q. J., et al., Theoretical Study on Infrared Thermal Wave Imaging Detection of Semiconductor Silicon Wafers with Micro-Crack Defects, Thermal Science, 24 (2020), 6B, pp. 4011-4017
- Ciotti, M., et al., A Review of the Accuracy of Thermoplastic Polymeric Parts Fabricated by Additive Manufacturing, Rapid Prototyping Journal, 28 (2022), 2, pp. 358-389
- Polak, R., et al., Determination of FDM Printer Settings with Regard to Geometrical Accuracy, Annals of DAAAM, Proceedings, International DAAAM Symposium, Zadar, Croatia, 2017, pp. 561-566
- Akter, M. S., Kabir, M. H., Temperature Optimization of RepRap (Replicating Rapid-Prototyper) 3D Printer, Proceedings, International Conference on Computer, Communication, Chemical, Material and Electronic Engineering (IC4ME2), IEEE, 2018, pp. 1-4
- Mantada P., et al., Parameters Influencing the Precision of Various 3D Printing Technologies, MM Science Journal, 5 (2017), Dec., pp. 2004-2012
- Yalçinkaya, S., et al., Optical 3D Scanner Technology, International Journal of 3D Printing Technologies and Digital Industry, 3 (2019), 1, pp. 67-75
- ***, German RepRap, Official Website of the Manufacturer. Available online: https://reprap.world (accessed on 25 May 2022)
- ***, mCPP Official Website of the Manufacturer. Available online: mcpp-3dp.com (accessed on 25 May 2022)
- Morgan, R. V., et al., Emissivity Measurements of Additively Manufactured Materials, Report LA-UR-17-20513, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, N. Mex., USA, 2017
- ***, PeakTech WorldWide - RCE, Official Website of the Manufacturer. Available online: peaktech-rce.com/en/ (accessed on 25 May 2022)
- ***, ATOS Core scanner by GOM, Official Website of the Manufacturer. Available online: www.gom.com/en/products/3d-scanning?keyword=atos%20%2Bcore%20%2B200&device=c&network=g&gclid=CjwKCAjwp7eUBhBeEiwAZbHwkWgccIIlcemq91NnkpE0UCMlEaFF9SNRuMKNBr-wNyBy-RutejLQfxoCLwkQAvD_BwE (accessed on 25 May 2022)
- Zgryza, L., Raczynska, A. Thermovisual Measurements of 3D Printing of ABS and PLA Filaments, Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., 12 (2018), 3, pp. 266-271