ABSTRACT
The application of biomass derived energy is gaining importance due to the decreasing supply of fossil fuels and growing environmental concerns. This study described the possibility of utilizing Castanea sativa’s by-product as biofuels by producing char via pyrolysis. The process was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at different heating rates of 10°C, 100°C, and 200°C per minute at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 700°C, and a nitrogen flow rate of 100 cm3 per minute. The produced chars were characterized by proximate and elemental analyses, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence analyses. The char yield was found to decrease as both pyrolysis temperature and heating rate increases. The carbon content of char ranged from 68 to 87 wt.%, which correspond to approximately 43% of carbon in the biomass. The char obtained at 700°C had high fixed carbon content (79.90%) as well as high heating value, and hence, it could be used as a solid fuel or as a precursor in the activated carbon production with its 268 m2 per gram surface area.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2016-04-06
PAPER REVISED: 2016-05-07
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2016-07-21
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2016-08-07
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2017, VOLUME
21, ISSUE
Issue 2, PAGES [1083 - 1092]
- Duman, G., et al., The effect of char properties on gasification reactivity, Fuel Process Technol., 118 (2014), 1, pp.75-81.
- Ates, F., et al., Comparison of real waste (MSW and MPW) pyrolysis in batch reactor over different catalysts. Part I, Product yields, gas and pyrolysis oil properties, Bioresource Technol., 133 (2013), 1, pp.443-454.
- Kolodynska, D., et al., Kinetic and adsorptive characterization of biochar in metal ions removal, Chem. Eng. J., 197 (2012), 1, pp 295-305.
- Wang, Y., et al., Characterization of biochar from fast pyrolysis and its effect on chemical properties of the tea garden soil, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 110 (2014), 1, pp 375-381.
- Lee, Y., Production and characterization of biochar from various biomass materials by slow pyrolysis, . Energy Systems R&D Group, Korea Institue of Industrial Technology, Cheona, www.agnet.org/files/lib_articles/20150108114134/tb197.pdf
- Özçimen, D., Ersoy-Meriçboyu, A., A. study on the carbonization of grapeseed and chestnut shell, Fuel Process Technol., 89 (2008), 1, pp.1641-1646.
- Braga, N., et al., Castanea sativa by-products, a review on added value and sustainable application, Nat. Prod. Res., 29 (2015), 1, pp.1-18.
- Weng, X., et al., Char Characteristics from the Pyrolysis of Straw, Wood and Coal at High Temperatures, J. Biobased Mater. Bio., 7 (2013), 6, pp.1-9.
- Tushar M.S.H.K., et al., Production, characterization and reactivity studies of chars produced by the isothermal pyrolysis of flax straw, Biomass and Bioenerg., 37 (2012), 1, pp.97-105.
- Angin, D., Effect of pyrolysis tempreature and heating rate on biochar obtained from pyrolysis of safflower seed press cake, Bioresource Technol., 128 (2013), 1, pp.593-597.
- Shaaban, A., et al., Characterization of biochar derived from rubber wood sawdust through slow pyrolysis on surface porosities and functional groups, Procedia Engineering, 68 (2013), 1, pp.365-371 .
- Uzun B.B., et al., Rapid and catalytic pyrolysis of corn stalks, Fuel Process Technol., 90 (2009), 5, pp.705-716.
- Lee, Y., et al., Characteristics of biochar produced from slow pyrolysis of Geodae-Uksae 1, Bioresource Technolg., 130 (2013), 1, pp.345-350.
- Touray, N., et al., Thermochemical and pore properties of goat-manure-derived biochars prepared from different pyrolysis temperatures, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 109 (2014), 1, pp.116-122.
- Özçimen, D., Karaosmanoglu, F., Production and characterization of bio-oil and biochar from rapeseed cake, Renewable Energ., 29 (2004), 5, pp.779-787.
- Keiluweit, M., et al., Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar), Environ. Sci. Technol.,44 (2010), 4, pp.1247-1253.
- Demiral, I., Çemrek-Kul, S., Pyrolysis of apricot kernel shell in a fixed-bed reactor, Characterization of bio-oil and char, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol.,107 (2014), 1, pp.17-24.
- Raveendran, K., Ganesh, A., Heating value of biomass and biomass pyrolysis products, Fuel,75 (1996) , 15, pp.1715-1720.
- Xie, T., et al., Characteristics and applications of biochar for environmental remediation, A review, Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Tec.45 (2015), 9, pp. 939-969.
- Ioannidou, O., Zabaniotou A., Agricultural residues as precursors for activated carbon production—A review., Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev.,11 (2007), 9, pp.1966-2005.
- Imam, T., Capareda, S., Chracterization of bioil syn gas and char switchgrass pyrolysis at various temperatures, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. 93 2012, 1, pp.170-177.
- Fu, P., et al., Evaluation of the porous structure development of chars from pyrolysis of rice straw, Effects of pyrolysis temperature and heating rate, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 98 (2012), 1, pp.177-183.
- Angin, D., Sensöz, S., Effect of Pyrolysis Temprature on Chemical and Surface Properties of Biochar of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), Int. J. Phytoremediat.,16 (2014), 1, pp.684-693.
- Morali, U., Sensöz, S., Pyrolysis of hornbeam shell (Carpinus betulus L.) in a fixed bed reactor, Characterization of bio-oil and char, Fuel, 150 (2015), 1, pp. 672-678 .
- Brown R.A., et al., Production and characterization of synthetic wood chars for use as surrogates for natural sorbent, Org. Geochem. 37 (2006), 3, pp.321-333. 129
- Guerrero, M., et al., Pyrolysis of eucalyptus at different heating rates, studies of char characterization and oxidative reactivity, Mater. Lett., 74 (2005), 1-2, pp.307-314.
- Liu, Z., et al., Characterization and application of chars produced from pine wood pyrolysis and hydrothermal treatment, Fuel 89 (2010), 2, pp.510-551.
- Nishimiya, K., Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray Analysis of chemical structure of wood charcoal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, J. Wood Sci., 44 (1998), 1, pp. 56-61.
