THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Ali Nassiri Toosi

,

Amir Hassan Kakaee

,

Hazhir Ebne-Abbasi

EXHAUST GAS HEAT RECOVERY THROUGH SECONDARY EXPANSION CYLINDER AND WATER INJECTION IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

ABSTRACT
To enhance thermal efficiency and increase performance of an internal combustion engine, a novel concept of coupling a conventional engine with a secondary 4-stroke cylinder and direct water injection process is proposed. The burned gases after working in a traditional 4-stroke combustion cylinder are transferred to a secondary cylinder and expanded even more. After re-compression of the exhaust gases, pre-heated water is injected at top dead center. The evaporation of injected water not only recovers heat from exhaust gases, but also increases the mass of working gas inside the cylinder, therefore improves the overall thermal efficiency. A 0-D/1-D model is used to numerically simulate the idea. The simulations outputs showed that the bottoming cycle will be more efficient at higher engines speeds, specifically in a supercharged/turbocharged engine, which have higher exhaust gas pressure that can reproduce more positive work. In the modeled supercharged engine, results showed that brake thermal efficiency can be improved by about 17%, and brake power by about 17.4%.
KEYWORDS
internal combustion engine, secondary cylinder, water injection waste heat recovery
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2015-09-15
PAPER REVISED: 2016-11-02
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2016-11-15
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2016-12-03
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI150915282N
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2017, VOLUME 21, ISSUE Issue 1, PAGES [729 - 743]
REFERENCES
  1. F. Chiara and M. Canova, "A review of energy consumption, management, and recovery in automotive systems, with considerations of future trends," Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part D J. Automob. Eng., vol. 227, no. 6, pp. 914-936, Jun. 2013.
  2. T. H. Ortmeyer and P. Pillay, "Trends in transportation sector technology energy use and greenhouse gas emissions," Proc. IEEE, vol. 89, no. 12, pp. 1837-1847, 2001.
  3. R. Saidur, M. Rezaei, W. K. Muzammil, M. H. Hassan, S. Paria, and M. Hasanuzzaman, "Technologies to recover exhaust heat from internal combustion engines," Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 5649-5659, 2012.
  4. I. Taymaz, "An experimental study of energy balance in low heat rejection diesel engine," Energy, vol. 31, no. 2-3, pp. 364-371, 2006.
  5. L. Dyer, "Internal-combustion engine," US1339176 A, USA, 1920.
  6. J. C. Conklin and J. P. Szybist, "A highly efficient six-stroke internal combustion engine cycle with water injection for in-cylinder exhaust heat recovery," Energy, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 1658-1664, 2010.
  7. S. Fiveland, "Six-Stroke Engine System with Blowdown Exhaust Recirculation," US Patent 2014/0158084 A1, Peoria, IL (US), 2014.
  8. E. Tsukahara, "Six-Stroke Engine," US Patent 2014/0224195 A1, 2014.
  9. S. Eriksson, "Six Stroke Engine," EU Patent 2 476 879 B1, Kungälv, 2012.
  10. D. R. Williams, "Six-Stroke Engine Exhaust Gas Recirculation System and Method," USA Patent 2014/0158100 A1, Peoria, IL (US), 2014.
  11. J. P. Szybist and J. C. Conklin, "Highly Efficient 6-Stroke Engine Cycle With Water Injection," US Patent 8,291,872 B2, Oak Ridge, TN (US), 2012.
  12. E. Arabaci, Y. İçingür, H. Solmaz, A. Uyumaz, and E. Yilmaz, "Experimental investigation of the effects of direct water injection parameters on engine performance in a six-stroke engine," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 98, pp. 89-97, 2015.
  13. a. Kéromnès, B. Delaporte, G. Schmitz, and L. Le Moyne, "Development and validation of a 5 stroke engine for range extenders application," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 82, pp. 259-267, 2014.
  14. J. P. Liu, J. Q. Fu, C. Q. Ren, L. J. Wang, Z. X. Xu, and B. L. Deng, "Comparison and analysis of engine exhaust gas energy recovery potential through various bottom cycles," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1219-1234, Jan. 2013.
  15. Y. Lu, P. Pei, and Y. Liu, "An evaluation of a 2/4-stroke switchable secondary expansion internal combustion engine," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 325-334, 2014.
  16. G. Yu, G. Shu, H. Tian, H. Wei, and L. Liu, "Simulation and thermodynamic analysis of a bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) of diesel engine (DE)," Energy, vol. 51, pp. 281-290, 2013.
  17. A. Boretti, "Recovery of exhaust and coolant heat with R245fa organic Rankine cycles in a hybrid passenger car with a naturally aspirated gasoline engine," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 36, pp. 73-77, 2012.
  18. T. Wang, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, G. Shu, and Z. Peng, "Analysis of recoverable exhaust energy from a light-duty gasoline engine," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 414-419, May 2013.
  19. J. P. Liu, J. Q. Fu, C. Q. Ren, L. J. Wang, Z. X. Xu, and B. L. Deng, "Comparison and analysis of engine exhaust gas energy recovery potential through various bottom cycles," Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 1219-1234, 2013.
  20. J. Fu, J. Liu, C. Ren, L. Wang, B. Deng, and Z. Xu, "An open steam power cycle used for IC engine exhaust gas energy recovery," Energy, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 544-554, 2012.
  21. J. Fu, J. Liu, B. Deng, R. Feng, J. Yang, F. Zhou, and X. Zhao, "An approach for exhaust gas energy recovery of internal combustion engine: Steam-assisted turbocharging," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 85, pp. 234-244, Sep. 2014.
  22. J. B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals. United States of America: McGraw-Hill, 1988.
  23. J. a. Caton, "The thermodynamic characteristics of high efficiency, internal-combustion engines," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 58, pp. 84-93, 2012.
  24. B. Tesfa, R. Mishra, F. Gu, and a. D. Ball, "Water injection effects on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine operating with biodiesel," Renew. Energy, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 333-344, 2012.
  25. F. Bozza, V. De Bellis, and L. Teodosio, "Potentials of cooled EGR and water injection for knock resistance and fuel consumption improvements of gasoline engines," Appl. Energy, vol. 169, pp. 112-125, May 2016.
  26. F. Hoppe, M. Thewes, H. Baumgarten, and J. Dohmen, "Water injection for gasoline engines: Potentials, challenges, and solutions," Int. J. Engine Res., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 86-96, 2016.
  27. J. P. Wilson, "Effects of Water Injection and Increased Compression Ratio in a Gasoline Spark Ignition Engine," University of Idaho, 2011.
  28. Z. J. Wu, X. Yu, L. Z. Fu, J. Deng, Z. J. Hu, and L. G. Li, "A high efficiency oxyfuel internal combustion engine cycle with water direct injection for waste heat recovery," Energy, vol. 70, pp. 110-120, 2014.
  29. E. Arabaci, Y. İçingür, H. Solmaz, A. Uyumaz, and E. Yilmaz, "Experimental investigation of the effects of direct water injection parameters on engine performance in a six-stroke engine," Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 98, pp. 89-97, 2015.
  30. M. Gradeck, N. Seiler, P. Ruyer, and D. Maillet, "Heat transfer for Leidenfrost drops bouncing onto a hot surface," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 47, pp. 14-25, 2013.
  31. G. Paul, P. K. Das, and I. Manna, "Droplet oscillation and pattern formation during Leidenfrost phenomenon," Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 60, pp. 346-353, 2015.
  32. IKCO - NPD center, "EF7 Engine NA Engine Performance Data," 2009.
  33. R. Kasrayi, "Supercharging EF7 engine based on the operational design parameters by using 1D simulation, MSc Thesis, in Persian," Iran University of Science and Technology, 2013.
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Exhaust gas heat recovery through secondary expansion cylinder and water injection in an internal combustion engine

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence