THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY AT THE GLASS INDUSTRY WITH THE INTERVENTION OF BATCH AND CULLET PREHEATING
ABSTRACT
A promising option to reduce the specific energy consumption and CO2 emissions at a conventional natural gas fired container glass furnace deals with the advanced utilization of the exhaust gases downstream the air regenerators by means of batch and cullet preheating. A 3-dimensional computational model that simulates this process using mass and heat transfer equations inside a preheater has been developed. A case study for an efficient small-sized container glass furnace is presented dealing with the investigation of the impact of different operating and design configurations on specific energy consumption, CO2 emissions, flue gas energy recovery, batch temperature and preheater efficiency. In specific, the effect of various parameters is studied, including the preheater’s dimensions, flue gas temperature, batch moisture content, glass pull, combustion air excess and cullet fraction. Expected energy savings margin is estimated to 12-15%.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2015-11-27
PAPER REVISED: 2016-02-06
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2016-02-12
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2016-04-09
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2016, VOLUME
20, ISSUE
Issue 4, PAGES [1245 - 1258]
- Beerkens R., Energy Balances of Glass Furnaces: Parameters Determining Energy Consumption of Glass Melt Processes, in: 67th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,28, pp.103
- Beerkens R., Energy Saving Options for Glass Furnaces and Recovery of Heat from Their Flue Gases and Experiences with Batch and Cullet Pre-Heaters Applied in the Glass Industry, in: 69th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,30, pp.143
- Zourou K., et al., Energetic and exergetic assessment of waste heat recovery systems in glass industry, in: ASME- ORC 2013. 2nd International Seminar on ORC Power Systems October 2013, DeDoelen, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Bišćan D. Filipan V., Potential of waste heat in Croatian industrial sector, Thermal Science, 16 (2012), 3, pp.747-758
- van Limpt H., et al., Energy Recovery from Waste Heat in the Glass Industry & Thermo Chemical Recuperator, in: 73rd Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 34, John Wiley & Sons 2013, pp.3
- Lankhorst A., et al., Application of an Energy Balance Model for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Glass Melting Furnaces, in: 74th Conference on Glass Problems, Wiley Online Library 2014, pp.51-68
- Shi L., et al., Energy Analysis for Preheating and Modeling of Heat Transfer From Flue Gas to a Granule. 75th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 36, 2015, p. 207
- Pedel J., et al., Oxygen Enhanced NOx Reduction (OENR) Technology for Glass Furnaces. 75th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 36, 2015, p. 69
- Pont R., et al., New Combustion Technique for Reducing NOx and CO2 Emissions From a Glass Furnace. 75th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 36, 2015, p. 93
- Gonzalez A., et al., OPTIMELT™ REGENERATIVE THERMO-CHEMICAL HEAT RECOVERY FOR OXY-FUEL GLASS FURNACES. 75th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, Volume 36, 2015, p. 113
- Zippe P., Recent Developments of Batch and Cullet Preheating in Europe - Practical Experiences and Implications, in: 71st Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2011,32, pp.1-18
- Beutin E. F. Leimkiihler J. H., Long-term experience with Nienburger Glas batch preheating systems, in: 60th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,232, pp.109
- Alexander J. C., Electrostatic Batch Preheating Technology: E-Batch, in: 61st Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,244, pp.37
- Snyder W. J., et al., Economic Aspects of Preheating Batch and Cullet for Oxy-Fuel-Fired Furnaces, in: 61st Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,244, pp.55
- Glüsing A. K., Preheating Devices for Future Glass Making, a 2nd Generation Approach, in: 67th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,28, pp.149-164
- Barklage-Hilgefort H., Batch Preheating on Container Glass Furnaces, in: 69th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,30, pp.133
- 1st Batch Preheater on the African Continent, www.zippe.de/
- Myers T. G., An approximate solution method for boundary layer flow of a power law fluid over a flat plate, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53 (2010), pp.2337-2346
- Verheijen O. S., Thermal and chemical behavior of glass forming batches, Ph. D. thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 2003
- Sardeshpande V., et al., Model based energy benchmarking for glass furnace, Energy Conversion and Management, 48 (2007), 10, pp.2718-2738
- Huang J. Gupta P., Temperature dependence of the isostructural heat capacity of a soda lime silicate glass, Journal of non-crystalline solids, 139 (1992), pp.239-247
- Robertson E. C., Thermal properties of rocks. US Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988
- Mann D., et al., Determination of specific heat and true thermal conductivity of glass from dynamic temperature data, Wärme-und Stoffübertragung, 27 (1992), 4, pp.225-231
- Pokorny R., et al., Determination of Temperature‐Dependent Heat Conductivity and Thermal Diffusivity of Waste Glass Melter Feed, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 96 (2013), 6, pp.1891-1898
- Smits K. M., et al., Determination of the thermal conductivity of sands under varying moisture, drainage/wetting, and porosity conditions-applications in near-surface soil moisture distribution analysis, AGU Hydrology Days, (2009)
- Gatica S. M. Cole M. W., To wet or not to wet: that is the question, Journal of Low Temperature Physics, 157 (2009), 3-4, pp.111-136
- Scalet B. M., et al., Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Manufacture of Glass. 2013
- Myers R. T. Stanley C. J., Improvement of glass furnace efficiency by reduction of regenerator infiltration, in: 46th Conference on Glass Problems: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, John Wiley & Sons 2009,7, pp.349
- 2050 E. R., Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, COM (2011), 885final (2011)