THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
ENTROPY CHANGE OF OPEN THERMODYNAMIC SYSTEMS IN SELF-ORGANIZING PROCESSES
ABSTRACT
The thermodynamic models available in the literature predict that during self-organizing processes the entropy of a cell considered as an open thermodynamic system decreases. This prediction leads to conclusion that cell imports a certain amount of negative entropy and generates entropy during irreversible metabolic processes. The controversial concept of negentropy was criticized recently. In this research a new model was proposed that isn’t based on the steady state approximation and describes living systems more realistically. The analysis of the suggested model of an open thermodynamic system far from equilibrium, led to the conclusion that the entropy during self-organizing processes increases during growth (of a molecule or a cell). Using as models the synthesis of an oligopeptide and a growing hydrocarbon chain, it was shown that entropy of an open thermodynamic system increases during addition of monomers (a self-organizing process). A derived equation confirms the results obtained by calculations with literature experimental values of molar entropy. The decrease of entropy observed in self-organizing processes occurred only during phase transition.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2014-04-24
PAPER REVISED: 2014-05-16
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2014-05-29
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2014-06-15
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2014, VOLUME
18, ISSUE
Issue 4, PAGES [1425 - 1432]
- Schrödinger E., What is life? The physical aspect of the living cell, Cambridge univer. press, Xth printing, 2003
- Boltzmann L., The second law of thermodynamics (Theoretical physics and philosophical problems). Springer-Verlag, New York, 1974
- Prigogine I, Etude thermodynamique des phenomenes irreversible, Dunod, Paris, 1947
- Prigogine I, J. Wiame J. M, Experimentia, 2, 450, 1946
- Bertalanffy L. von, The theory of open systems in physics and biology, Science, New series, vol 111, no 28
- Bertalanffy L.von, Basic concepts in quantitative biology of metabolism, Helgoland Marine Research, 9(1-4) 5-37, 1964
- Mahulikar, S.P., Herwig, H.,Exact thermodynamic principles for dynamic order existence and evolution in chaos, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, v. 41(4), pp. 1939-1948, 2009
- Ho M.V., The Rainbow and the Worm: The Physics of Organisms, World Scientific Publishing Company; 2 edition,1998
- Ho M.W., What is (Schrödinger's) Negentropy?, Modern Trends in BioThermoKinetics 3, 50-61, 1994.
- HansenL.D., Criddle R.S., Battley E.H., Equilibrium thermodynamics and metabolic calorimetry of living systems, proceedings of 20th. ICCT, Warsaw, Poland, aug 3- 8, 2008
- HansenL.D., Criddle R.S., Battley E.H., Biological calorimetry and the thermodynamics of the origination and evolution of life, Pure Appl. Chem., Vol. 81, No. 10, pp. 1843-1855, 2009.
- Hansen L.D., Macfarlane C., McKinnon N., Smith B.N., Criddle R.S., Termochim. Acta 422, 55, 2004
- Pauli, W., Naturwissenschaftliche und erkenntnistheoretische Aspekte der Ideen vom Unbewussten, Dialectica 8 (4): 283-301, 1954
- Adami C., Ofria C., Collier T. C., Evolution of biological complexity, PNAS, vol. 97, no. 9, 4463-4468, 2000
- Andrade E., On Maxwell's Demons and the Origin of Evolutionary Variations: An Internalist Perspective, Acta Biotheoretica, Volume 52, Issue 1, pp 17-40, 2004
- Leff H., Rex A.F., eds. Maxwell's Demon 2 Entropy, Classical and Quantum Information, Computing. Vol. 2. Taylor & Francis, 2002.
- Earman J., Norton J. D., Exorcist XIV: the wrath of Maxwell's demon. Part I. From Maxwell to Szilard, Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 29.4, p. 435-471, 1998
- Frenkel D., Entropy-driven phase transitions, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Vol. 263, Issues 1-4, Pages 26-38, 1999
- Schneider E.D., Kay J.J., Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics, Mathematical and Computer Modeling, Volume 19, Issues 6-8, Pages 25-48, , 1994
- Michaelian K., Thermodynamic origin of life, arxiv.org/pdf/0907.0042v3.pdf
- Atkins P., Physical Chemistry 5th edition, Oxford University Press, 1995
- Popovic.M, I. Juranic, Equation of Life-Aging as change of state of dissipative system at quasi-steady state, proceedings of 18th symposium on thermophysical properties, Boulder, Co. USA, june 23-29, 2012
- Toussaint O., Raes M., Remacle J., Aging as a multi step-process characterized by lowering of entropy production leading the cell to a sequence of defined stages, Mech. Ageing Dev., 61, 45-64, 1991.
- Toussaint O., Remacle J., Dierick J.F., Pascal T, Frippiat C., Royer V.,Chainiaux F. Approach of evolutionary theories of ageing, stress, senescence-like phenotypes, calorie restriction and hormesis from the view point of far-from-equilibrium thermodynamics. Mech. Ageing Dev. 123, 937-946, 2002
- Toussaint O.,Schneider E.D.,. The thermodynamics and evolution of complexity in biological systems. , J. Comp. Physiol. Biochem. Part .A, 120A, 3-9, 1998.
- Silva C., K. Annamalai, Entropy generation and human ageing: Lifespan entropy and effect of physical activity level, Entropy, 10, 100-123 (2008)
- Popovic M. There are two twin shadows, but Einstein is one, Thermal Science, Nr.16, 1. pp.1-6
- Gems D., R. Doonan, Antioxidant defense and aging in C. elegans, Is the oxidative damage theory of aging wrong?, Cell Cycle, 2009,8:11, 1681-87
- Davies P., Rieper E., Tuszynski J, Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell, BioSystems 111 (2013) 1-10
- Hayflick L., Biological Aging Is No Longer an Unsolved Problem, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2007, Vol 1100, Biogerontology: Mechanisms and Interventionspages
- Hayflick L., Entropy Explains Aging, Genetic Determinism Explains Longevity, and Undefined Terminology Explains Misunderstanding Both. PLoS Genet 3, 2007,(12): e220
- Hayflick L., How and why we age, Experimental Gerontology, 1998, vol.33,issue 7-8, pp639-653
- Toussaint, Dumont, Remacle, Dierick, Pascal, Frippiat, Magalhaes, Zdanov & Chainiaux. Stress-induced premature senescence or stress-induced senescence-like phenotype : one in vivo reality, two possible definitions ? How stress, cellular behaviors, growth kinetics and cell heterogeneity interact in senescence, Scientific World J., www.thescientificworld.com, 2, January, 230-247, 2002
- Toussaint O., Remacle J., Dumont, Dierick, Pascal, Frippiat, Magalhaes, Chainiaux. Oxidative stress-induced senescence of human diploid cells. Encyclopedia of Life Science (Macmillan, Nature Publishing group) .www.els.net article 3441, 2001
- Shamir L., Wolkow C.A., Goldberg I.G., Quantitative measurement of aging using image texture entropy, Bioinformatics, 25 (23):3060-3063, 2009
- Balmer R. T., Modern Engineering Thermodynamics, Academic Press, 2011
- Berg J.,Tymoczko J., Stryer L., Biochemistry internat. edition, 5th edition, Freeman & Co., 2003