THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
Thermal Science - Online First
online first only
Numerical simulation of thermal performance of cold plates for high heat flux electronics cooling
ABSTRACT
High heat flow density electronic components need cooling plates with strong heat exchange capacity to maintain temperature balance. To obtain better cooling performance, four different flow channel types of cooling plates are designed, including an S-type channel, Z-type channel, mosaic channel and double-layer channel. The maximum temperature of the cooling plate, outlet temperature and pressure drop under different working conditions and coolant are analyzed by numerical simulation. The simulation results show that the double-layer channel design can effectively enhance the heat transfer effect of the cooling plate and reduce the pressure drop. The maximum temperature of the cooling plate of the double-layer flow channel is 6.88 °C lower than that of the Z-type flow channel. Moreover, increasing the inlet flow rate and lowering the coolant inlet temperature can improve the cooling performance of the cold plate, but increasing the inlet flow rate will lead to an increase in the pressure loss of the cold plate. When the coolant of the double-layer channel cooling plate is 20% ethylene glycol-water solution, the cooling performance is better than the other three coolants. Other channel cooling plates perform better with water as the coolant.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2023-07-15
PAPER REVISED: 2023-09-29
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2023-10-13
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2023-12-10
- He, X., et al., Temperature, precipitation and runoff prediction in the Yangtze River Basin based on CMIP 6 multi-model, J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. (2022), pp. 1-10, DOI No. 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202203028
- Wang, L., et al., Molecular dynamics mechanism of metal salt hydrate-based deep eutectic solvent to dissolve cellulose at room temperature, J. For. Eng., 7. (2022), 04, pp. 64-71, DOI No. 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202112025
- Jiang, X., et al., Evaluating the Carbon Emissions Efficiency of the Logistics Industry Based on a Super-SBM Model and the Malmquist Index from a Strong Transportation Strategy Perspective in China, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17. (2020), 22, DOI No. 10.3390/ijerph17228459
- Yao, N., et al., Analysis of carbon sequestration effect of sloping land conversion program in Loess Plateau from the perspective of slope, J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. (2022), pp. 1-17, DOI No. 10.12302/J.ISSN.1000-2006. 202111033
- Zou, X., et al., Mechanisms and methods for augmenting carbon sink in forestry, J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. (2022), pp. 1-12, DOI No. 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209008
- Qian, S., et al., Topology optimization of fluid flow channel in cold plate for active phased array antenna, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 57. (2018), 6, pp. 2223-2232, DOI No. 10.1007/s00158-017-1852-8
- Liang, J.-Y., et al., Design of an Integrated Heat Dissipation Mechanism for a Quad Transmit Receive Module of Array Radar, Applied Sciences-Basel, 11. (2021), 15, DOI No. 10.3390/app11157054
- Sonne, -.C., et al., - Is engineered wood China's way to carbon neutrality?, - Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, - 7. (2022), - 2, pp. - 83, DOI No. - 10.1016/j.jobab.2022.03.001
- Peng, H., et al., A review of the value realization path of forestry carbon sink products, J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. (2022), pp. 1-12, DOI No. 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202207023
- Liu, J.,Z. Lin, Energy and Exergy Performances of Floor, Ceiling, Wall Radiator and Stratum Ventilation Heating Systems for Residential Buildings, Energy and Buildings, 220. (2020), DOI No. 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110046
- Sun, S., A new stress field intensity model and its application in component high cycle fatigue research, Plos One, 15. (2020), 7, DOI No. 10.1371/journal.pone.0235323
- Xu, X., et al., Active Control on Path Following and Lateral Stability for Truck-Trailer Combinations, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 44. (2019), 2, pp. 1365-1377, DOI No. 10.1007/s13369-018-3527-1
- Scott, M., et al. Sampson MFR active phased array antenna,IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems and Technology,Boston, Ma,2003, pp. 119-123
- Hoft, D.J., Solid State Transmit/Receive Module for the PAVE PAWS (AN/FPS-115) Phased Array RADAR, 1978 IEEE-MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. (1978),
- Whicker, L.R., Active phased array technology using coplanar packaging technology, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 43. (1995), 9, pp. 949-952
- Nakagawa, M., et al. Development of Thermal Control for Phased Array Antenna,International Communications Satellite Systems Conference & Exhibit,2003
- Obey, -.G., et al., - Biochar derived from non-customized matamba fruit shell as an adsorbent for wastewater treatment, - Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, - 7. (2022), - 2, pp. - 109, DOI No. - 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.12.001
- Cheng, Z.,Z. Lu, Research on Dynamic Load Characteristics of Advanced Variable Speed Drive System for Agricultural Machinery during Engagement, Agriculture-Basel, 12. (2022), 2, DOI No. 10.3390/agriculture12020161
- Li, B.L.,L. Zeng, Fractional Calculus Control of Road Vehicle Lateral Stability after a Tire Blowout, Mechanika, 27. (2021), 6, pp. 475-482, DOI No. 10.5755/j02.mech.28524
- Chai, X.Y., et al., Development and Experimental Analysis of a Fuzzy Grey Control System on Rapeseed Cleaning Loss, Electronics, 9. (2020), 11, DOI No. 10.3390/electronics9111764
- Agrawal, A.K., et al. An active phased array antenna packaging scheme,Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, 1996. AP-S. Digest,1996,
- Narvaez, J.A., et al., Computational modeling of a microchannel cold plate: Pressure, velocity, and temperature profiles, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 78. (2014), pp. 90-98, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.006
- Tian, J., et al., Differential Steering Control of Four-Wheel Independent-Drive Electric Vehicles, Energies, 11. (2018), 11, DOI No. 10.3390/en11112892
- Schmidt, R.R.,B.D. Notohardjono, High-end server low-temperature cooling, Ibm Journal of Research and Development, 46. (2002), 6, pp. 739-751, DOI No. 10.1147/rd.466.0739
- Esmaili, Q., et al., Experimental analysis of heat transfer in ribbed microchannel, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 130. (2018), pp. 140-147, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2018.04.020
- Zhang, Y.P., et al., Thermal performance study of integrated cold plate with power module, Applied Thermal Engineering, 29. (2009), 17-18, pp. 3568-3573, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2009.06.013
- Leng, C., et al., Multi-parameter optimization of flow and heat transfer for a novel double-layered microchannel heat sink, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 84. (2015), pp. 359-369, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.040
- Leng, C., et al., Optimization of thermal resistance and bottom wall temperature uniformity for double-layered microchannel heat sink, Energy Conversion and Management, 93. (2015), pp. 141-150, DOI No. 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.01.004
- Leng, C., et al., An improved design of double-layered microchannel heat sink with truncated top channels, Applied Thermal Engineering, 79. (2015), pp. 54-62, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.015
- Vinoth, R.,D.S. Kumar, Channel cross section effect on heat transfer performance of oblique finned microchannel heat sink, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 87. (2017), pp. 270-276, DOI No. 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2017.03.016
- Amalesh, T.,N.L. Narasimhan, Introducing new designs of minichannel cold plates for the cooling of Lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 479. (2020), DOI No. 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228775
- Dai, Z., et al., Impact of tortuous geometry on laminar flow heat transfer in microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 83. (2015), pp. 382-398, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.12.019
- Chein, R.,J. Chen, Numerical study of the inlet/outlet arrangement effect on microchannel heat sink performance, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 48. (2009), 8, pp. 1627-1638, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.12.019
- Xia, C., et al., Conjugate heat transfer in fractal tree-like channels network heat sink for high-speed motorized spindle cooling, Applied Thermal Engineering, 90. (2015), pp. 1032-1042, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.07.024
- Yu, X.-f., et al., A study on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics in fractal tree-like microchannels by numerical and experimental methods, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 55. (2012), 25-26, pp. 7499-7507, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.07.050
- Escher, W., et al., Efficiency of optimized bifurcating tree-like and parallel microchannel networks in the cooling of electronics, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 52. (2009), 5-6, pp. 1421-1430, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.07.048
- Lin, L., et al., Heat transfer enhancement in microchannel heat sink by wavy channel with changing wavelength/amplitude, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 118. (2017), pp. 423-434, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2017.05.013
- Zhou, J., et al., Design of microchannel heat sink with wavy channel and its time-efficient optimization with combined RSM and FVM methods, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 103. (2016), pp. 715-724, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.07.100
- Rostami, J., et al., Optimization of conjugate heat transfer in wavy walls microchannels, Applied Thermal Engineering, 82. (2015), pp. 318-328, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.02.069
- Sui, Y., et al., An experimental study of flow friction and heat transfer in wavy microchannels with rectangular cross section, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 50. (2011), 12, pp. 2473-2482, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2011.06.017
- Shi, M., et al., Thermal performance of insulated gate bipolar transistor module using microchannel cooling base plate, Applied Thermal Engineering, 201. (2022), DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.117718
- Zhou, W., et al., Review on the Battery Model and SOC Estimation Method, Processes, 9. (2021), 9, DOI No. 10.3390/pr9091685
- Lu, Z., et al., Effect of branching level on the performance of constructal theory based Y-shaped liquid cooling heat sink, Applied Thermal Engineering, 168. (2020), DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.114824
- Sheng, L., et al., Numerical investigation on a lithium ion battery thermal management utilizing a serpentine-channel liquid cooling plate exchanger, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 141. (2019), pp. 658-668, DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.033
- Al-Waaly, A.A.Y., et al., Liquid cooling of non -uniform heat flux of a chip circuit by subchannels, Applied Thermal Engineering, 115. (2017), pp. 558-574, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.12.061
- Li, W., et al., The ecological restoration technology for lake wetland in the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, J. Nanjing For. Univ. Nat. Sci. Ed. (2022), pp. 1-13, DOI No. 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202209031
- Huang, S., et al., Research progress of photochemical-based aggregation-induced luminescent materials J. For. Eng. (2022), pp. 1-12, DOI No. 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202202008
- Chen, F., et al., Topology optimization design and numerical analysis on cold plates for lithium-ion battery thermal management, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 183. (2022), DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.122087
- Lian, C.,Z. Wu, Research progress on environmental characteristics of bamboo materials and its products, J. For. Eng., 7. (2022), 01, pp. 23-30, DOI No. 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202101016
- Nnaemeka, -.I.C., et al., - Optimization and Kinetic Studies for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Colocynthis Vulgaris Shrad Seeds Shell for Bioethanol Production, - Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts, - 6. (2021), - 1, pp. - 45, DOI No. - 10.1016/j.jobab.2021.02.004
- Wang, W., et al., Preparation and performance of PH sensitive alginate/charcoal slow-release gel spheres J. For. Eng., 7. (2022), 02, pp. 128-134, DOI No. 10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202107014
- Tan, M.C., et al., Design and Characterization of T/R Module for Commercial Beamforming Applications, Ieee Access, 8. (2020), pp. 130252-130262, DOI No. 10.1109/access.2020.3009531
- Baek, S.M., et al., A numerical study on uniform cooling of large-scale PEMFCs with different coolant flow field designs, Applied Thermal Engineering, 31. (2011), 8-9, pp. 1427-1434, DOI No. 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.01.009
- Mo, X., et al., Topology optimization of cooling plates for battery thermal management, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 178. (2021), DOI No. 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121612