THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

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Žarko J. Rađenović

,

Milena N. Rajić

TWO-STEP CLUSTER ANALYSIS FOR ENERGY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS COMPARISON

ABSTRACT
Assessing energy performance indicators is important for understanding EU countries’ progress toward achieving sustainability and climate goals, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing the share of renewable energy. This paper employs two-step cluster analysis using IBM SPSS 26.0 to classify EU member states based on six key energy indicators. The optimal number of clusters was determined using Schwarz’s Bayesian information criterion, ensuring statistical robustness. Four distinct clusters were identified, revealing varying strengths and weaknesses. These insights provide important guidance for policymakers, enabling the development of targeted strategies for improving energy efficiency and sustainability across the EU.
KEYWORDS
Energy performance indicators, Two-step cluster analysis, energy management, sustainability
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2025-02-05
PAPER REVISED: 2025-03-17
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2025-03-23
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2025-04-05
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI250205056R
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2025, VOLUME 29, ISSUE Issue 5, PAGES [3453 - 3464]
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Two-step cluster analysis for energy performance indicators comparison

2025 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence