The exploration, collection, and utilization of the Moon's abundant resources are increasingly becoming a focal point of research for countries around the world. As China stands on the brink of launching its inaugural manned lunar mission, the task of drilling and sampling on the lunar surface is paramount for astronauts and represents the sole avenue for procuring pristine and genuine lunar regolith samples. To meet the needs of future sampling missions, this paper designs a portable lunar intelligent drilling system, which features multiple working modes, ease of operation, and superior ergonomic performance. A prototype was developed, and relevant experiments were conducted, demonstrating its excellent performance, its core recovery rate can reach 75.3%.