This work is designed to study the thermodynamic equations of groundwater source heat pump in hot summer and cold winter, and to determine the optimal operating conditions of groundwater source heat pump by means of the thermodynamic analysis of source heat pump, flow, unit, pump power, evaporation side and condensation side. Practice has proved that the equipment runs stably and with high efficiency. By comparison, the ground source heat exchangers were compared with conventional chillers and boiler. The results showed that the underground heat pump had higher energy consumption, lower primary energy consumption, reduced CO2 emissions, and reduced environmental pollution during operation, proving that the underground heat pump had obvious advantages over the conventional cooling and heating system. Meanwhile, this also shows that the long-term operation of ground heating system has caused the instability of ground heating system, the accumulation of cold and heat in ground-water, and the variation of ground temperature, which not only reduces the system efficiency, but it also affects the physical properties of soil itself and the soil heat flow, and will also cause changes in soil microbial environment and vegetation ecological environment, thus affecting the whole ecological environment.