In order to improve the current situation of double energy loss in waste heat recovery and utilization, according to the factors such as phase change temperature, thermal conductivity, phase change latent heat, economy, and safety of thermal storage materials, 70# phase change thermal storage balls produced by XX company were selected as phase change thermal storage materials, and differential scanning calorimetry was used to test and analyze them, and the melting point, freezing point and phase change latent heat value of PCM were obtained, provide data reference for simulation in the following text. The shell and tube heat exchanger is selected as the core component of the mobile heat storage system, and its heat storage and release processes are simulated using FLUENT software. The results show that when the heat transfer equipment is charged for 7 hours, almost all of the inner-heat exchangers have completed the heat supply, and only the phase change products at both sides and bottom of the heat supply have "dead zone", which is the major effect of heat storage. In order to improve the heat storage and release rate and break the "bottleneck" of heat storage, the heat transfer was strengthened by changing the diameter size, arrangement, and adding fins of the heat exchange tube. The effects of straight fins, T-shaped fins, as well as the number, height, thickness, and width of fins on the heat storage performance were explored. The results indicate that, adding fins cannot only improve heat transfer efficiency, but also inhibit natural-convection. The heat storage and release time decreases to varying degrees with the increase of fin width, thickness, height, and the number of circumferential fins in a single heat exchange tube.