In response to the shortcomings of concentrated stress, difficult forming, and short service life of commonly used honeycomb ceramic thermal storage materials with square lattice holes, the author has developed a new type of low stress honeycomb ceramic thermal storage material by studying the structure, forming mold, and extrusion forming material of the thermal storage body. The author introduced the changes in specific surface area and porosity of heat storage materials with different geometric structures, and analyzed and compared the structural characteristics of two types of heat storage materials, namely heat storage balls and honeycomb bodies, under the premise of equal heat storage capacity. The trajectory of air-flow in the heat storage chamber was simulated using CFD software, and the pressure loss and centerline velocity changes of different shapes of honeycomb were analyzed. The flow characteristics, pressure distribution, and heat transfer performance of gas inside different shapes of honeycomb were calculated. The experimental results showed that the closer to the circular shape, the smaller the pressure loss of the centerline. The larger the equivalent diameter, the smaller the resistance along the path. From the perspective of cold pressure loss alone, regular quadrilateral holes and regular circular holes are the best choices for the shape of honeycomb openings. The centerline velocity of the equilateral triangle hole is the largest, indicating that the smaller the equivalent diameter is, the greater the average velocity at the outlet is. The resistance along the path of the round hole is the smallest, the regular quadrilateral hole is slightly larger, and the pressure loss of the equilateral triangle hole is the largest, which exceeds the round hole by nearly 1/3. Taking into account factors such as heat storage, specific surface area, flow characteristics, and heat transfer characteristics, quadrilateral honeycomb cells are the best choice.