THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Zhe Kang

,

Yang Lv

,

Nanxi Zhou

,

Lezhong Fu

,

Jun Deng

,

Zhijun Wu

CHEMICAL KINETIC ANALYSIS OF IN-CYLINDER ION CURRENT GENERATION UNDER DIRECT WATER INJECTION WITHIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION RANKINE CYCLE ENGINE

ABSTRACT
Direct water injection provides feasible solution for combustion optimization and efficiency enhancement within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, while the feedback signal of close-loop direct water injection control is still absent. Ion current detection monitors in-cylinder electron variation which shows potential in revealing direct water injection process. For better understanding of unprecedented augment of ion current signal under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, a chemical kinetic model is established to calculate the effect of intake oxygen fraction, fuel quantity, initial temperature, and residual water vapor on in-cylinder electron formation based on GRI Mech 3.0 and ion current skeleton mechanism. The simulation results indicate direct water injection process show significant impact on in-cylinder electron formation through chemical interactions between H2O and other intermediate species including HO2, O2, CH3, and H, these reactions provides additional OH radical for propane oxidation facilitation, which result in large portion of CH radical formation and therefore, lead to higher in-cylinder electron generation. The initial temperature plays a vital role in determining whether residual water vapor show positive or negative effect by in-cylinder temperature co-ordination of direct water injection. Results of this work can be used to explain phenomenon related to direct water injection and ion current signal variation under both internal combustion Rankine cycle or traditional petrol engine.
KEYWORDS
chemical kinetic, ion current, water injection, internal combustion Rankine cycle
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2020-07-10
PAPER REVISED: 2020-12-23
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2021-02-17
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2021-05-16
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI200710161K
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2022, VOLUME 26, ISSUE Issue 1, PAGES [329 - 342]
REFERENCES
  1. Kalghatgi G, Is it really the end of internal combustion engines and petroleum in transport? Applied energy, 225 (2018), pp. 965-974.
  2. Yu X, Sandhu N S, Yang Z, et al., Suitability of energy sources for automotive application A review, Applied Energy, 271 (2020), pp. 115169.
  3. Zhou F, Fu J, Ke W, et al., Effects of lean combustion coupling with intake tumble on economy and emission performance of gasoline engine, Energy, 2017, pp. 366-379.
  4. Wei H, Shao A, Hua J, et al., Effects of applying a Miller cycle with split injection on engine performance and knock resistance in a downsized gasoline engine, Fuel, 2018, pp. 98-107.
  5. Berntsson A W, Josefsson G, Ekdahl R, et al., The Effect of Tumble Flow on Efficiency for a Direct Injected Turbocharged Downsized Gasoline Engine, SAE International journal of engines, 4 (2011), 2, pp. 2298-2311.
  6. Wittek K, Geiger F, Andert J, et al., Experimental investigation of a variable compression ratio system applied to a gasoline passenger car engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, pp. 753 763
  7. Zhang Y, Zhao H, Ojapah M, et al, CAI Combustion of Gasoline and its Mixture with Ethanol in a 2 Stroke Poppet Valve DI Gasoline Engine, Fuel, 2013, pp. 67 81.
  8. Nagasawa T, Okura Y, Yamada R, et al., Thermal efficiency improvement of super lean burn spark ignition engine by stratified water insulation on piston top surface, International Journal of Engine Research, 2020: 1468087420908164.
  9. Bilger R W, Zhijun Wu, Carbon Capture for Automobiles Using Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engines, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2009, 131/034502
  10. B.J.P. Buhre, L.K. Elliott, C.D. Sheng, Oxy fuel combustion technology for coal fired power generation, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 31 (2005), pp. 283 307
  11. Günter Scheffknecht, Leema Al Makhadmeh1, Uwe Schnell, Oxy fuel coal combustion A review of the current state of the art, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 5S (2011), pp. S16 S35.
  12. Bilger, R W., Zero Release Combustion Technologies and the Oxygen Economy, Fifth International Conference on Technologies and Combustion for a Clean Environment, Lisbon, Portugal, Jul. 12 15, 1999, pp. 1039 1046.
  13. Zhijun Wu, Xiao Yu, CO2 Capture Automotive Engine System Based on Internal Combustion Ranking Cycle , Journal of Jilin University (Engineering and Technology Edition), 40 (2010), 5, pp. 1199 1202.
  14. Zhijun Wu, Xiao Yu, Lezhong Fu, et al., A high efficiency Oxy fuel internal combustion engine cycle with water direct injection for waste heat recovery, Energy, 70 (2014), pp.110 120.
  15. Wu Z, Yu X, Fu L, et al., Experimental study of the effect of water injection on the cycle performance of an internal-combustion Rankine cycle engine. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 228 (2014), 5, pp. 580-588.
  16. Wu Z, Fu L, Gao Y, et al., Thermal efficiency boundary analysis of an internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, Energy, 94 (2016), pp. 38-49.
  17. Fu L, Yu X, Deng J, et al., Development of internal combustion Rankine cycle engine test system, Chin Intern Combust Engine Eng, 6 (2013), pp. 87-92.
  18. Zhe Kang, Zhijun Wu, Jun Deng, et al., Experimental Research of Diffusion Combustion and Emissions Characteristics Under Oxy-Fuel Combustion Mode, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 142(2020), 6, pp. 061002-1.
  19. Wu Z, Kang Z, Deng J, et al., Effect of oxygen content on n-heptane auto-ignition characteristics in a HCCI engine, Applied energy, 184 (2016), pp. 594-604.
  20. Kang Z, Fu L, Deng J., Experimental study of knock control in an internal combustion Rankine cycle engine, J. Tongji Univ (Nat. Sci.),7 (2017), pp. 1030-1036.
  21. Yu X, Fu L, Deng J, et al., Influence of Engine Load on Thermo Efficiency of Internal Combustion Rankine Engine , Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 20 (2014,) 6, pp. 492-497.
  22. Fu L, Wu Z, Yu X, et al., Experimental investigation of combustion and emission characteristics for internal combustion Rankine cycle engine under different water injection laws, Energy Procedia,66 (2015), pp. 89-92.
  23. Kang Z, Wu Z, Zhang Z, et al., Study of the combustion characteristics of a HCCI engine coupled with oxy-fuel combustion mode, SAE International Journal of Engines, 10 (2017), 3, pp. 908-916.
  24. Kang Z, Chen S, Wu Z, et al., Simulation Study of Water Injection Strategy in Improving Cycle Efficiency Based on a Novel Compression Ignition Oxy-Fuel Combustion Engine, SAE International Journal of Engines, 11 (2018), pp. 935-945.
  25. Kang Zhe, Optimization Study on the Combustion Process of Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine with Ultra-low Emissions, Ph.D. thesis, Tongji University, Shanghai, China, 2018.
  26. Kang Z, Wu Z, Fu L, et al., Experimental Study of Ion Current Signals and Characteristics in an Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine Based on Water Injection, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 140 (2018), 11, pp. 111506.
  27. J. Warnatz, U. Maas, R.W. Dibble, Combustion. Berlin: Springer, 2011.
  28. Smith GP, Golden DM, Frenklach M, Moriarty NW, Eiteneer B, Goldenberg M, et al., GRI-mech. 3.0, Available from: URL: www.me.berkeley.edu/gri_mech/.
  29. Chen, Y., Dong, G., Mack, J. H., Butt, R. H., Chen, J. Y., and Dibble, R. W., Cyclic Variations and Prior-Cycle Effects of Ion Current Sensing in an HCCI Engine: A Time-Series Analysis, Appl. Energy, 168 (2016), pp. 628-635.
  30. Liu, Y., Li, L., Ye, J., Wu, Z., and Deng, J., Numerical Simulation Studyon Correlation Between Ion Current Signal and NOx Emissions in Controlled Auto-Ignition Engin , Appl. Energy., 156 (2015), pp. 776-782.
  31. Fu L, Wu Z, Li L, et al., Effect of Water Injection Temperature on Characteristics of Combustion and Emissions for Internal Combustion Rankine Cycle Engine, SAE Technical Paper 2014-01-2600, 2014.
  32. Ramalingam A, Fenard Y, Heufer A, et al., Ignition delay time and species measurement in a rapid compression machine: A case study on high-pressure oxidation of propane, Combustion and Flame, 2020: 392-405
  33. Kuang C. Lin, Chuang-Te Chiu, A compact skeletal mechanism of propane towards applications from NTC-affected ignition predictions to CFD-modeled diffusion flames: Comparisons with experiments, Fuel, 203 (2017), pp. 102-112.
  34. Chen Bin, Zhang Li, Han Jinlin, et al., Investigating the effect of increasing specific heat and the influence of charge cooling of water injection in a TGDI engine , Applied Thermal Engineering, 149 (2019), pp. 1105-1123.
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Chemical kinetic analysis of in-cylinder ion current generation under direct water injection within internal combustion Rankine cycle engine

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence