ABSTRACT
Understanding nucleate pool boiling heat transfer and, in particular the accurate prediction of conditions that can lead to critical heat flux, is of the utmost importance in many industries. Due to the safety issues related to the nuclear power plants, and for the efficient operation of many heat transfer units including fossil fuel boilers, fusion reactors, electronic chips, etc., it is important to understand this kind of heat transfer. In this paper, a comprehensive review of analytical and numerical work on nucleate pool boiling heat transfer is presented. In order to understand this phenomenon, existing studies on boiling heat transfer coefficient and boiling heat flux are also discussed, as well as characteristics of boiling phenomena such as bubble departure diameter, bubble departure frequency, active nucleation site density, bubble waiting and growth period and their impact on pool boiling heat transfer.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2020-01-11
PAPER REVISED: 2020-12-28
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2021-01-11
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2021-02-06
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2022, VOLUME
26, ISSUE
Issue 1, PAGES [157 - 174]
- Ilic, M., et al. Boiling Heat Transfer Modelling: A Review and Future Prospectus, Thermal Science, 23(2019), 1, pp. 87-107
- Nukiyama, S., Maximum and Minimum Values of Heat Transmitted from Metal to Boiling Water Under Atmospheric Pressure, Journal of the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers, Vol. 37, (1934), pp. 367-374, (in Japanese), International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.9, (1966), pp. 1419-1433. (in English)
- Cengel, Y., A., Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach, McGraw Hill, New York, USA, 2003.
- Najim, A., Pise, S., Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement with Surfactant on the Tip of a Submerged Hypodermic Needle as Nucleation Site, Applied Thermal Engineering, 103(2016), pp. 989-995.
- Xu, Z. G., Zhao, C. Y., Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer by Gradient Porous Metals in Saturated Pure Water and Surfactant Solutions, Applied Thermal Engineering, 100(2016), pp. 68-77.
- Zhang, Y., et al., Bubble Dynamics in Nucleate Pool Boiling on Micro-Pin-Finned Surfaces in Microgravity, Applied Thermal Engineering, 70(2014), pp. 172-182.
- Dadjoo, M., et al., Influence of Orientation and Roughness of Heater Surface on Critical Heat Flux and Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficient of Nanofluid, Applied Thermal Engineering 124(2017), pp. 353-361
- Abdollahi, A., et al., Experimental Analysis of Magnetic Field Effect on the Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of a Ferrofluid, Applied Thermal Engineering, 111(2017), pp. 1101-1110.
- Choon, N. K., et al., New Pool Boiling Data for Water with Copper-foam Metal at sub-atmospheric Pressures: Experiments and Correlation, Applied Thermal Engineering, 26 (2006), pp.1286-1290
- Pioro, I. L., et al., Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer. I: Review of Parametric Effects of Boiling Surface, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004), pp. 5033-5044.
- Jung, D., et al., Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Coefficients of Pure Halogenated Refrigerants, International Journal of Refrigeration, 26 (2003), pp. 240-248.
- Kim, J., Review of nucleate pool boiling bubble heat transfer mechanisms, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 35(2009), pp. 1067-1076.
- Katto, Y., Yokoya, S., Behavior of a vapor mass in saturated nucleate and transition pool boiling, Transactions of JSME 41 (1975) pp. 294-305
- Haramura, Y., Katto, Y., A new hydrodynamic model of critical heat flux applicable widely to both pool and forced convection boiling on submerged bodies in saturated liquids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 26(1983) 2, pp. 389-399
- Pan, C., Hwang, J. Y., Lin, T. L., The mechanism of heat transfer in transient boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 32 (1989) pp. 1337-1349
- Pasamehmetoglu, K. O., Numerical modeling of a nucleate boiling surface, Numerical Heat Transfer: International Journal of Computational Methods Part A: Appl. 25 (1994), 6, pp. 703-719.
- He, Y., Shoji, M., Maruyama, S., Numerical study of high heat flux pool boiling heat transfer, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 44 (2001), pp. 2357-2373.
- Stojanovic, A., Stevanovic, V., Petrovic, M., Zivkovic, D., Numerical Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer, Thermal Science 20 (2016), Suppl. 5 S1301-S1312.
- Pezo, M., Stevanovic, V., Numerical Prediction of Critical Heat Flux in Pool Boiling with Two-fluid Model, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 54 (2011), pp. 3296-3303
- Rohsenow, W. M., A Method of Correlating Heat Transfer Data for Surface Boiling of Liquids, Transactions of the ASME 74(1952), pp. 969-976.
- Pioro, I. L, et al., Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer.II: Assessment of Prediction Methods, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004), pp. 5045-5057.
- Han, C. Y., Griffith, P., The Mechanism of Heat Transfer in Nucleate Pool Boiling-Parts I and II, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 8 (1965) pp. 887-913
- Stephan, K., Preusser, P., Heat Transfer and Maximum Heat Flux Density in the Case of the Binary and Ternary Thermal Fluid Mixtures (in German language), Chemie Ingenieur Technik 51 (1979), 37, pp. 649-679
- Mikic, B.B., Rohsenow, W. M., A New Correlation of Pool Boiling Data including the Effect of Surface Characteristics, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 91 (1969) pp. 245-250
- Judd, R. L., Hwang, H. S., A Comprehensive Model for Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer including Microlayer Evaporation, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 98 (1976), pp. 623-629
- Paul, D.D., Abdel-Khalic, S.I., A Statical Analysis of Saturated Nucleate Boiling along a Heat Wire, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 26 (1983) pp. 509-519
- Benjamin, R., Balakrishnan, A. R., Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer of pure Liquids at low to moderate Heat Fluxes, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 39 (1966) pp. 2495-2504.
- Zuber, N., On the Stability of Boiling Heat Transfer, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer, 80(1958), pp. 711-720.
- Liang, G., Mudawar, I., Pool Boiling Critical Heat Flux (CHF) - Part 1: Review of Mechanisms, Models, and Correlations, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer 117 (2018), pp. 1352-1367
- Sadasivan, P., et al., Perspective: Issues in CHF Modelling - the Need for New Experiments, Transactions of ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 117 (1995), pp. 558-567.
- Cooper, M., Lloyd, A., The Microlayer in Nucleate Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 12(1969), pp. 895-913
- Haider, S. I., Webb, R., A Transient Micro-convection Model of Nucleate Pool Boiling, International Journal of Heat Transfer 40, (1997), pp. 3675-3688
- Nishio, S., Tanaka, H., Simplified Model predicting Contact-line-length Density at Critical Heat Flux based on Direct observation of Boiling Structure, JSME International Journal, (2002), Ser B 45, pp. 72-78
- Zhao, Y.-H., et al., Unified theoretical Prediction of Fully Developed Nucleate Boiling and Critical Heat Flux based on a Dynamic Microlayer Model, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (2002), pp. 3189-3197
- Das, A. K., et al., Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer from a Structured Surface - Effect of Liquid Intake, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (2006), pp. 3487-3499
- Yagov, V. V., Is a Crisis in Pool Boiling Actually a Hydrodynamic Phenomenon?, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 73(2014), pp. 265-273.
- Yagov, V. V., Heat Transfer under Nucleate Boiling: Possibilities and Limitations of a Theoretical Analysis, Thermal Engineering 54(2007), 3, pp. 173-179
- Chu, In-C., et al., Observation of Critical Heat Flux Mechanism in Horizontal Pool Boiling of Saturated Water, Nuclear Engineering Design 279 (2014), pp. 189-199
- Chu, In-C., et al., Visualization of Boiling Structure and Critical Heat Flux Phenomenon for a Narrow Heating Surface in a Horizontal Pool of Saturated Water, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 62(2013), pp. 142-152.
- Zhao, H., Williams, A., Predicting the Critical Heat Flux in Pool Boiling based on Hydrodynamic Instability Induced Irreversible Hot Spots, International Journal of Multiphase Flow104(2018), pp. 174-187
- Theofanous, T. G., Tu, J. P., Dinh, A. T., Dinh, T. N., The Boiling Crisis Phenomenon Part I: Nucleation and Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 26(2002), pp. 775-792.
- Jung, S., Kim, H., An Experimental Method to Simultaneously Measure the Dynamics and Heat Transfer Associated with a Single Bubble During Nucleate Boiling on a Horizontal Surface, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 73(2014), pp. 365-375.
- Chen, F., Hagen, H., A Survey of Interface Tracking Methods in Multiphase Fluid Visualization, Open Access Series in Informatics, Visualization of Large and Unstructured Data Sets - IRTG Workshop, Dagstuhl Publishing, Germany, 2010.
- Son, G., et al., Dynamics and Heat Transfer Associated with a Single Bubble During Nucleate Boiling on a Horizontal Surface, Journal of Heat Transfer 121 (1999), pp. 623-631.
- Juric, D., Tryggvason, G., Computations of Boiling Flows, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 24(1997), pp. 387-410.
- Welch, S. W. J., Wilson, J., A Volume of Fluid Based Method for Fluid Flows with Phase Change, Journal of Computational Physics 160 (2000), pp. 662-682.
- Jia, H. W., et al., A Numerical Investigation of Nucleate Boiling at a Constant Surface Temperature, Applied Thermal Engineering 88 (2015), pp. 248-257.
- Kunkelmann, C., Stephan, P., CFD Simulation of Boiling Flows Using the Volume of Fluid Method within OpenFoam, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A, 56(2009), pp. 631-646.
- Kunkelmann, C., Stephan, P, A Numerical Investigation of Nucleate Boiling at a Constant Surface Temperature, Applied Thermal Engineering 88 (2015), pp. 248-257.
- Li, M., et al., Nucleate Boiling Simulation Using Interface Tracking Method, Nuclear Engineering and Design, 369 (2020), 110813, pp. 1-10.
- Fritz, W., Maximum volume of vapor bubbles, Physikalische Zeitschrift 36(1935), (in German language) pp. 379-84.
- Lee, HC, Single Bubble Growth in Saturated Pool Boiling on a Constant Wall Temperature Surface, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 29 (2003), pp. 1857-74.
- Cole, R., Shulman, H.L., Bubble Growth Rate at High Jakob Number, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 9(1966), pp. 1377-90.
- Jensen, M. K., Memmel, G. J., Evaluation of Bubble Departure Diameter Correlations, Proceedings, 8th International Heat Transfer Conference San Francisco, USA, 1986, Vol 4, pp. 1907-12
- Phan, H. T., et al., A Model to Predict the Effect of Contact Angle on the Bubble Departure Diameter during Heterogeneous Boiling, International Communication of Heat and Mass Transfer, 37 (2010), pp. 964-9.
- Phan, H., T., et al., Surface Wettability Control by Nanocoating: The Effect on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer and Nucleation Mechanism, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 52(2009), pp. 5459-5471.
- Kocamustafaogullari, G., Ishii, M., Interfacial Area and Nucleation Site Density in Boiling Systems, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 26 (1983), pp. 1377-87.
- Kutateladze, S.S., Gogonin, I. I., Growth Rate and Detachment Diameter of a Vapor Bubble in Free Convection Boiling of a Saturated Liquids, High Temperature 17 (1979), pp. 667-71.
- Kim, J., Kim, M. H., On the Departure Behaviors of Bubble at Nucleate Pool Boiling, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 32 (2006), pp. 1269-86.
- Fazel, S. A. A., Shafaee S. B., Bubble Dynamics for Nucleate Pool Boiling of Electrolyte Solutions, ASME Journal of Heat Transfer 132 (2010), 2, pp. 815021-7.
- Hamzekhani, M. M., et al., Experimental Study on Bubble Departure Frequency for Pool Boiling of Water/NaCl Solutions, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51(2015), pp. 1313-20.
- Golorin, V. S., Investigation of Mechanism of Nucleate Boiling of Ethyl Alcohol an Benzene by Means of High Speed Motion Picture Photography, Heat Transfer, Soviet Research., 10(1979), 4, pp. 79-98.
- Zeng, L. Z., et al., A Unified Model for the Prediction of Bubble Detachment Diameters in Boiling Systems - I Pool Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 36 (1993), 9, pp. 2261-70.
- Yang C., et al., Study on Bubble Dynamics for Pool Nucleate Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 43(2000), pp. 203-8.
- Kolev, N. I., Letter to the Editor, Nuclear Engineering Design 239(2009), pp. 187-192.
- Hibiki, T., Ishii, M., Active Nucleation Site Density in Boiling Systems, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(2003), pp. 2587-2601.
- Benjamin, R.J., Balakrishnan, A.R., Nucleation Site Density in Pool Boiling of Saturated Pure Liquids: Effect of Surface Microroughness and Surface and Liquid Properties, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 15(1997), pp. 32-42.
- Van Stralen, S.J.D., et al., Bubble Growth Rate in Pure and Binary Systems: Combined Effect of Relaxation and Evaporation Microlayers, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 18(1975), pp. 453-67.
- Zuber, N., The Dynamics of Vapor Bubbles in Nonuniform Temperature Fields, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 2(1961), pp.83-98.
- Hatton, P., Hall, I. S., Photographic Study of Boiling on Prepared Surfaces, Proceedings, 3th International Heat Transfer Conference, AIChE, USA, 1966., 4(2), pp. 24-37.
- Plesset, M. S., Zwick, S. A., The Growth of Vapor Bubbles in Superheated Liquid, Journal of Applied Physics 25(1954), pp.493-500.
- Ivey, H., J., Relationships Between Bubble Frequency, Departure Diameter and Rise Velocity in Nucleate Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 10 (1967), pp. 1023-40
- McHale, J. P., Garimella, S. V., Bubble Nucleation Characteristics in Pool Boiling of a Wetting Liquid on Smooth and Rough Surfaces, International Journal of Multiphase Flow 36(2010), pp. 249-260.
- Hutter, C., et al., Experimental Pool Boiling Investigations of FC-72 on Silicon with Artificial Cavities and Integrated Temperature Microsensors, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 34(2010), pp. 422-433.
- Jaikumar, A., Kandlikar, S. G., Enhanced Pool Boiling for Electronics Cooling Using porous Fin Tops on Open Microchannels with FC-87, Applied Thermal Engineering 91(2015), pp. 426-433.
- Xu, Z., G., Zhao, C., Y., Influences of Nanoparticles on Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in Porous Metals, Applied Thermal Engineering, 65, (2014), 1-2, pp. 34-41
- Tang, Y., et al., Pool-boiling Enhancement by Novel Metallic Nano porous Surface, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 44(2013), pp. 194-198.
- Zhang, B., J., Kim, K. J., Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Augmentation on Hydrophobic Self-assembly Mono-layered Alumina Nano porous Surfaces, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 73(2014), pp. 551-561.
- Jaikumar, A., Kandlikar, S. G., Ultra-high Pool Boiling Performance and Effect of Channel with Selectively Coated Open Microchannels, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 95(2016), pp. 795-805.
- Liter, S. G., Kaviany, M., Pool-boiling CHF Enhancement by Modulated Porous-layer Coating: Theory and Experiment, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 44(2001), 22, pp. 4287-4311.
- Lee, C., Y., et al, Pool Boiling Heat Transfer with Nano-porous Surface, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 53(2010), pp. 4274-4279.
- Fan, Li-Wu, et al., Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on a Nanoscale Roughness-enhanced Super hydrophilic Surface for Accelerated Quenching in Water, Applied Thermal Engineering, 109(2016), Part A, pp. 630-639
- Betz, A. R., et al., Do surfaces with Mixed Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Areas Enhance Pool Boiling?, Applied Physics Letters, 97(2010), 14, pp. 141-165
- Mukherjee, A., Kandlikar, S. G., Numerical Study of Single Bubbles with Dynamic Contact Angle During Nucleate Pool Boiling, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50(2007), pp. 127-138.
- Li, Y-Y., et al., A Predictive Model of Nucleate Pool Boiling on Heated Hydrophilic Surfaces, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 65(2013), pp. 789-797.
- Kim, S. J., Bang, I. C., Buongiorno, J., Hu, L. W., Surface Wettability Change During Pool Boiling of Nanofluids and its Effect on Critical Heat Flux, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 50 (2007), pp. 4105-4116.
- Zhang, l., Li, Z-D., Li, H-X., Zhao, J-F., Influence of Heater Thermal Capacity on Bubble Dynamics and Heat Transfer in Nucleate Pool Boiling, Applied Thermal Engineering, 88 (2015), pp. 118-126.
- Chen, H., et al., Experimental Investigations on Bubble Departure Diameter and Frequency of Methane Saturated Nucleate Pool Boiling at Four Different Pressures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 112(2017), pp. 662-675.
- Kweon, Y. C., Kim, M. H., Experimental Study on Nucleate Boiling Enhancement and Bubble Dynamic Behavior in Saturated Pool Boiling Using a Nonuniform Dc Electric Field, International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 26(2000), pp. 1351-1368.