THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

Yanhong Xi

,

Xue Dong

,

Wanki Chow

NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON TEMPERATURE IN WOOD CRIB FIRES

ABSTRACT
Temperature from burning wood cribs will be simulated in this paper by subgrid scale model in fire dynamics simulator. A baseline gas phase uncertainty is determined for simulating wood crib fire spread scenarios. This uncertainty is based on a sensitivity analysis of key input parameters and their subsequent effect on key output variables that are important for fire spread. Effects of different grid systems, computing domains and moisture contents on the predictions were studied first and then used to study the gaseous phase sensitivity. The gaseous phase input variables considered are: Smagorinsky constant, Prandtl number, and Schmidt number. The results show that the predictions for temperature have good agreement with experiment with the values of 0.25, 0.7, 0.4, and 5 for Smagorinsky constant, turbulent Schmidt number, and turbulent Prandtl number, respectively.
KEYWORDS
Wood crib fires, computational fluid dynamics, Gaseous phase sensitivity, flammability diagram
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2018-08-18
PAPER REVISED: 2020-08-31
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2020-09-01
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2020-10-10
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180818288X
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2021, VOLUME 25, ISSUE Issue 4, PAGES [2621 - 2636]
REFERENCES
  1. W.K. Chow, "Experience on implementing performance-based design in Hong Kong," Welcome speech, The 9th Asia-Oceania Symposium on Fire Science and Technology, 17-20 October 2012, Hefei, China.
  2. W.K. Chow, "Fire safety concerns for subway systems in Hong Kong," Fire Safety Asia Conference (FiSAC) 2011, Suntec, Singapore, 12-14 October 2011.
  3. G. Cox and S. Kumar, "Modelling Enclosure Fires using CFD, in: SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, 3rd Edition, Quincy, MA 02269, USA, pp. 3-194-3-218, 2002.
  4. Chow, C.L., Chow, W.K., A Brief Review on Applying Computational Fluid Dynamics in Building Fire Hazard Assessment, in: Fire Safety (Eds. I. Søgaard and H. Krogh), Nova Science Publishers, 2009
  5. Chow, W.K., et al., Numerical Studies on Atrium Smoke Movement and Control with Validation by Field Tests, Building and Environment, 44 (2009), pp. 1150-1155
  6. Cai, N., Chow, W.K., Numerical Studies on Heat Release Rate in a Room Fire Burning Wood and Liquid Fuel, Building Simulation - An International Journal, 7 (2017), 5, pp. 511-524
  7. C.A. Harper, Handbook of Building Materials for Fire Protection, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
  8. M. Horasan, "Fire safety challenges," International Fire Conference & Exhibition Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur Convention Center, 20-21 November, 2012.
  9. M.Uddin, K. Kiviranta. Casein-magnesium composite as an intumescent fire retardant coating for wood, Fire Safety Journal, 112 (2020), pp.102943
  10. K. Song, I. Ganguly.High temperature and fire behavior of hydrothermally modified wood impregnated with carbon nanomaterials,Journal of Hazardous Materials,384(2020),121283
  11. Monica T. Diab, Jan B. Haelssig, Michael J.Pegg. The behaviour of wood crib fires under free burning and fire whirl conditions, Fire safety Journal,112(2020),102941
  12. E.N. Kalali, L. Zhang, M.E. Shabestari, J. Croyal, D. Wang, Flame-retardant wood polymer composites (WPCs) as potential fire safe bio-based materials for building products: preparation, flammability and mechanical properties, Fire Safety Journal, (2017)
  13. Janicka, J., Sadiki, A., Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Combustion Systems, Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 30 (2005), pp. 537-547
  14. Pope, S., Turbulent flows, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000
  15. McGrattan, K., Recent Developments in FDS and CFAST, SFPE North America Conference & Expo, 9-11 October 2017, Montreal, Canada, 2017.
  16. Ritchie, S.J., et al., Effect of Sample Size on the Heat Release Rate of Charring Materials, in: Proceedings of Fifth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science (Ed. Y. Hasemi), 1997, pp. 177-188
  17. Cai, N., Chow, W.K., Numerical Studies on Heat Release Rate in Room Fire on Liquid Fuel under Different Ventilation Factors, International Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 2012 (2012), Article ID 910869, 13 pages
  18. Li Xu, Shengcai Li,Wanghu Sun. Combustion behaviors and characteristic parameters determination of sassafras wood under different heating conditions, Energy 203(2020),117831
  19. Atreya, A., Pyrolysis, Ignition and Fire Spread on Horizontal Surfaces of Wood, National Bureau of Standards, Report NBS-GCR-83-449, 1984
  20. K. McGrattan, S. Hostikka, J. Floyd, R. McDermott, NIST Special Publication 1019 Sixth Edition Fire Dynamics Simulator User's Guide, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2020
  21. Chow, W.K., et al., News from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, in: International Association for Fire Safety Science Newsletter (Ed. G. Rein), 34 (2013), pp. 12-13
  22. Starink M. A new method for the derivation of activation energies from experiments performed at constant heating rate. Thermochim Acta 1996;288(1-2):97-104.
  23. R.D. Peacock, P.A. Reneke, W.D. Davis and W.W. Jones, "Quantifying fire model evaluation using functional analysis," Fire Safety Journal, vol. 33, pp. 167-184, 10, 1999.
  24. W.K. Chow and G.W. Zou, "Numerical simulation of pressure changes in closed chamber fires," Building Environment, vol. 44, pp. 1261-1275, 6, 2009.
  25. W.K. Chow, C.L. Chow and and S.S. Li, "Simulating smoke filling in big halls by computational fluid dynamics," Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Vol. 2011, 16 Pages.
  26. Chow, W.K., et al., News from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, in: International Association for Fire Safety Science Newsletter (Ed. G. Rein), 34 (2013), pp. 12-13
  27. Matala, A., Estimation of Solid Phase Reaction Parameters for Fire Simulation, Master's thesis, Helsinki University of Technology, Finland, 2008
  28. Fan, W.C., et al., Advancement of Computational Heat Transfer in Fire Research in China, Proceedings of the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference, Minneapolis, MN, USA, 14-19 July 2013, Paper no. HT2013-17409
  29. Schaelin, A., et al., Simulation of Airflow through Large Openings in Buildings, Proceedings of the ASHRAE Winter Meeting, Anaheim, California, USA, 1992, pp. 319-328
  30. Ragland, K.W., et al., Properties of Wood for Combustion Analysis, Bioresource Technology, 37 (1991), 2, pp. 161-168
  31. Zhang, W., et al., Turbulence Statistics in a Fire Room Model by Large Eddy Simulation, Fire Safety Journal, 37 (2002), 8, pp.721-752
  32. Quintiere, J., et al., Wall Flames and Implications for Upward Flame Spread, Combustion Science and Technology, 48 (1985), 3&4, pp. 191-222
  33. Kwon, J., Evaluation of FDS V.4: Upward Flame Spread, M.S. thesis, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA, 2006
  34. Madrzykowski, D., Stroup, D.W., Flammability Hazard of Materials, In:, Fire Protection Handbook (Eds. A.E. Cote, et al.), 20th Edition, National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MA, USA, 2008, Volume 1, Chapter 3, Section 2, pp. 2/31-48
  35. Liu, B., Recommended Calculation of Explosion Limitation for Organic Burning Gas, Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology (Science and Technology), 32 (2007), 1, pp. 119-124 (in Chinese).
  36. Chen, C.C., A Study on Estimating Flammability Limits in Oxygen, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 50 (2011), pp. 10283-10291
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Numerical simulation on temperature in wood crib fires

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence