In order to improve the steam pipe insulation material joints, waterproof, and other shortcomings, and provide a good design scheme for the insulation structure optimization, a gel heat preservation material was prepared through hydration hardening theory. Firstly, the preparation of thermal insulation material for steam pipe and the optimal design of thermal insulation structure was introduced. Then the performance of the insulation material of the steam pipe was evaluated. Finally, the stability and energy benefit of the thermal insulation structure were evaluated. The results show that the new gel thermal insulation material prepared in this research has good thermal insulation effect and good waterproof performance. In the stability evaluation of the thermal insulation structure of the steam pipe, it can be concluded that hard thermal insulation materials should be selected in the selection of thermal insulation materials. Its insulation effect is better than soft insulation material. In the thermal energy storage optimization of the thermal insulation structure, when the inner layer of the thermal insulation structure adopts 10 mm aerogel and the outer layer adopts 50 mm gel thermal insulation material, it is the optimal thermal insulation structure. The study has a good guiding effect on the economic benefit of steam pipe insulation structure.