THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON POOL BOILING HEAT TRANSFER USING NANOFLUIDS

ABSTRACT
Nanofluids are suspensions of nanoparticles with small concentration spread in base fluids such as water, oil and ethylene glycol. Nanofluid boiling is an important research area which provides many chances to explore new frontiers but also poses great challenges. Over the last decade, various studies have been carried out on pool boiling of nanofluids for the enhancement of critical heat flux which is otherwise limited by the use of base fluids. Several efforts have been made in the literature on nanofluid boiling, however, data on the boiling heat transfer coefficient and the critical heat flux have been unpredictable. Current study is a review of the status of research work on effects of nanofluids on heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux. An emphasis is put in a review form on the recent progresses in nanofluid heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux of pool boiling. This study also focuses on advancements in nanofluids, their properties and various parameters affecting boiling critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. At the end correlations used by different researchers to find out the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient are listed.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2019-01-10
PAPER REVISED: 2019-01-20
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2019-02-10
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2019-03-09
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI190110072K
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2019, VOLUME 23, ISSUE Issue 5, PAGES [3209 - 3237]
REFERENCES
  1. Moita, A., E. Teodori, and A. Moreira, Influence of surface topography in the boiling mechanisms. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2015. 52: p. 50-63.
  2. Hsu, C.-C., T.-W. Su, and P.-H. Chen, Pool boiling of nanoparticle-modified surface with interlaced wettability. Nanoscale research letters, 2012. 7(1): p. 259.
  3. Lee, S., et al., Measuring thermal conductivity of fluids containing oxide nanoparticles. Journal of Heat transfer, 1999. 121(2): p. 280-289.
  4. Zhang, H., et al., Heat transfer and flow features of Al 2 O 3-water nanofluids flowing through a circular microchannel-Experimental results and correlations. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013. 61(2): p. 86-92.
  5. Wan, Z., et al., Thermal performance of a miniature loop heat pipe using water-copper nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015. 78: p. 712-719.
  6. Firouzfar, E., et al., Energy saving in HVAC systems using nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2011. 31(8): p. 1543-1545.
  7. Peyghambarzadeh, S., et al., Experimental study of overall heat transfer coefficient in the application of dilute nanofluids in the car radiator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013. 52(1): p. 8-16.
  8. Delavari, V. and S.H. Hashemabadi, CFD simulation of heat transfer enhancement of Al 2 O 3/water and Al 2 O 3/ethylene glycol nanofluids in a car radiator. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 73(1): p. 380-390.
  9. Rahman, M., et al., Effect of solid volume fraction and tilt angle in a quarter circular solar thermal collectors filled with CNT-water nanofluid. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 57: p. 79-90.
  10. Mahian, O., et al., A review of the applications of nanofluids in solar energy. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 57(2): p. 582-594.
  11. Tseng, A.A., et al., Effects of titania nanoparticles on heat transfer performance of spray cooling with full cone nozzle. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 62(1): p. 20-27.
  12. Khaleduzzaman, S., et al., Energy and exergy analysis of alumina-water nanofluid for an electronic liquid cooling system. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 57: p. 118-127.
  13. Buongiorno, J., et al., Nanofluids for enhanced economics and safety of nuclear reactors: an evaluation of the potential features, issues, and research gaps. Nuclear Technology, 2008. 162(1): p. 80-91.
  14. Bang, I.C. and J.H. Kim, Thermal-fluid characterizations of ZnO and SiC nanofluids for advanced nuclear power plants. Nuclear technology, 2010. 170(1): p. 16-27.
  15. Buongiorno, J., et al., A feasibility assessment of the use of nanofluids to enhance the in-vessel retention capability in light-water reactors. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2009. 239(5): p. 941-948.
  16. Hong, T.-K., H.-S. Yang, and C. Choi, Study of the enhanced thermal conductivity of Fe nanofluids. Journal of Applied Physics, 2005. 97(6): p. 064311.
  17. Das, S.K., N. Putra, and W. Roetzel, Pool boiling characteristics of nano-fluids. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 2003. 46(5): p. 851-862.
  18. Taylor, R.A. and P.E. Phelan, Pool boiling of nanofluids: comprehensive review of existing data and limited new data. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009. 52(23): p. 5339-5347.
  19. You, S., J. Kim, and K. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on critical heat flux of water in pool boiling heat transfer. Applied Physics Letters, 2003. 83(16): p. 3374-3376.
  20. Vassallo, P., . Kumar, and S. D'Amico, Pool boiling heat transfer experiments in silica-water nano-fluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004. 47(2): p. 407-411.
  21. Bang, I.C. and S.H. Chang, Boiling heat transfer performance and phenomena of Al 2 O 3-water nano-fluids from a plain surface in a pool. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2005. 48(12): p. 2407-2419.
  22. Golubovic, M.N., et al., Nanofluids and critical heat flux, experimental and analytical study. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2009. 29(7): p. 1281-1288.
  23. Kwark, S.M., et al., Pool boiling characteristics of low concentration nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010. 53(5): p. 972-981.
  24. Kim, S.J., et al., Surface wettability change during pool boiling of nanofluids and its effect on critical heat flux. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2007. 50(19): p. 4105-4116.
  25. Coursey, J.S. and J. Kim, Nanofluid boiling: the effect of surface wettability. International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 2008. 29(6): p. 1577-1585.
  26. Harish, G., V. Emlin, and V. Sajith, Effect of surface particle interactions during pool boiling of nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011. 50(12): p. 2318-2327.
  27. Yang, X.-F. and Z.-H. Liu, Application of functionalized nanofluid in thermosyphon. Nanoscale research letters, 2011. 6(1): p. 494.
  28. Yang, X. and Z.-h. Liu, A kind of nanofluid consisting of surface-functionalized nanoparticles. Nanoscale research letters, 2010. 5(8): p. 1324.
  29. Huang, C.-K., C.-W. Lee, and C.-K. Wang, Boiling enhancement by TiO 2 nanoparticle deposition. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 54(23): p. 4895-4903.
  30. Yang, Y.M. and J.R. Maa, Boiling of suspension of solid particles in water. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1984. 27(1): p. 145-147.
  31. Kathiravan, R., et al., Characterization and pool boiling heat transfer studies of nanofluids. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2009. 131(8): p. 081902.
  32. Kim, H., J. Kim, and M.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticles on CHF enhancement in pool boiling of nano-fluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2006. 49(25): p. 5070-5074.
  33. Liu, Z.-h., J.-g. Xiong, and R. Bao, Boiling heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in a flat heat pipe evaporator with micro-grooved heating surface. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2007. 33(12): p. 1284-1295.
  34. Truong, B., et al., Modification of sandblasted plate heaters using nanofluids to enhance pool boiling critical heat flux. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010. 53(1): p. 85-94.
  35. Yang, X.-F. and Z.-H. Liu, Pool boiling heat transfer of functionalized nanofluid under sub-atmospheric pressures. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011. 50(12): p. 2402-2412.
  36. Vazquez, D.M. and R. Kumar, Surface effects of ribbon heaters on critical heat flux in nanofluid pool boiling. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 41: p. 1-9.
  37. Sheikhbahai, M., M.N. Esfahany, and N. Etesami, Experimental investigation of pool boiling of Fe 3 O 4/ethylene glycol-water nanofluid in electric field. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2012. 62: p. 149-153.
  38. Jung, J.-Y., E.S. Kim, and Y.T. Kang, Stabilizer effect on CHF and boiling heat transfer coefficient of alumina/water nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(7): p. 1941-1946.
  39. Lee, J.H., T. Lee, and Y.H. Jeong, Experimental study on the pool boiling CHF enhancement using magnetite-water nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(9): p. 2656-2663.
  40. Shahmoradi, Z., N. Etesami, and M.N. Esfahany, Pool boiling characteristics of nanofluid on flat plate based on heater surface analysis. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 47: p. 113-120.
  41. Park, S.D., S.B. Moon, and I.C. Bang, Effects of thickness of boiling-induced nanoparticle deposition on the saturation of critical heat flux enhancement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 78: p. 506-514.
  42. Zhang, L., et al., An experimental investigation of transient pool boiling of aqueous nanofluids with graphene oxide nanosheets as characterized by the quenching method. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 73: p. 410-414.
  43. Park, S.D. and I.C. Bang, Experimental study of a universal CHF enhancement mechanism in nanofluids using hydrodynamic instability. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 70: p. 844-850.
  44. Lee, J.H., T. Lee, and Y.H. Jeong, The effect of pressure on the critical heat flux in water-based nanofluids containing Al 2 O 3 and Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 61: p. 432-438.
  45. Ahn, H.S., J.M. Kim, and M.H. Kim, Experimental study of the effect of a reduced graphene oxide coating on critical heat flux enhancement. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 60: p. 763-771.
  46. Milanova, D. and R. Kumar, Role of ions in pool boiling heat transfer of pure and silica nanofluids. Applied Physics Letters, 2005. 87(23): p. 233107.
  47. Kim, J.M., et al., Effect of a graphene oxide coating layer on critical heat flux enhancement under pool boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 77: p. 919-927.
  48. Stutz, B., et al., Influence of nanoparticle surface coating on pool boiling. Experimental thermal and fluid science, 2011. 35(7): p. 1239-1249.
  49. Park, S.D., et al., Effects of nanofluids containing graphene/graphene-oxide nanosheets on critical heat flux. Applied Physics Letters, 2010. 97(2): p. 023103.
  50. You, S., Y. Hong, and J. O'connor, The onset of film boiling on small cylinders: local dryout and hydrodynamic critical heat flux mechanisms. International journal of heat and mass transfer, 1994. 37(16): p. 2561-2569.
  51. Kim, H., E. Kim, and M.H. Kim, Effect of nanoparticle deposit layer properties on pool boiling critical heat flux of water from a thin wire. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 69: p. 164-172.
  52. Sharma, V.I., et al., Experimental investigation of transient critical heat flux of water-based zinc-oxide nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 61: p. 425-431.
  53. Ahn, H.S. and M.H. Kim, The boiling phenomenon of alumina nanofluid near critical heat flux. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 62: p. 718-728.
  54. Kathiravan, R., et al., Preparation and pool boiling characteristics of copper nanofluids over a flat plate heater. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010. 53(9): p. 1673-1681.
  55. Bolukbasi, A. and D. Ciloglu, Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of vertical cylinder quenched by SiO 2-water nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011. 50(6): p. 1013-1021.
  56. Ciloglu, D. and A. Bolukbasi, The quenching behavior of aqueous nanofluids around rods with high temperature. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2011. 241(7): p. 2519-2527.
  57. Sakashita, H., CHF and near-wall boiling behaviors in pool boiling of water on a heating surface coated with nanoparticles. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(23): p. 7312-7320.
  58. Jaikumar, A. and S.G. Kandlikar, Enhanced pool boiling for electronics cooling using porous fin tops on open microchannels with FC-87. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2015. 91: p. 426-433.
  59. Okawa, T., M. Takamura, and T. Kamiya, Boiling time effect on CHF enhancement in pool boiling of nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(9): p. 2719-2725.
  60. Liu, Z.-h. and L. Liao, Sorption and agglutination phenomenon of nanofluids on a plain heating surface during pool boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008. 51(9): p. 2593-2602.
  61. Liu, Z.-H., X.-F. Yang, and J.-G. Xiong, Boiling characteristics of carbon nanotube suspensions under sub-atmospheric pressures. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2010. 49(7): p. 1156-1164.
  62. Song, S.L., J.H. Lee, and S.H. Chang, CHF enhancement of SiC nanofluid in pool boiling experiment. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014. 52: p. 12-18.
  63. Mourgues, A., et al., Boiling behaviors and critical heat flux on a horizontal and vertical plate in saturated pool boiling with and without ZnO nanofluid. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 57(2): p. 595-607.
  64. Mori, S., S.M. Aznam, and K. Okuyama, Enhancement of the critical heat flux in saturated pool boiling of water by nanoparticle-coating and a honeycomb porous plate. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2015. 80: p. 1-6.
  65. Jo, B., et al., Wide range parametric study for the pool boiling of nano-fluids with a circular plate heater. Journal of Visualization, 2009. 12(1): p. 37-46.
  66. Jung, J.-Y., H. Kim, and M.H. Kim, Effect of ionic additive on pool boiling critical heat flux of titania/water nanofluids. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 49(1): p. 1-10.
  67. Pham, Q., et al., Enhancement of critical heat flux using nano-fluids for Invessel Retention-External Vessel Cooling. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012. 35: p. 157-165.
  68. Hu, Y., et al., Experimental and numerical investigation on natural convection heat transfer of TiO2-water nanofluids in a square enclosure. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2014. 136(2): p. 022502.
  69. Raveshi, M.R., et al., Experimental investigation of pool boiling heat transfer enhancement of alumina-water-ethylene glycol nanofluids. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2013. 44: p. 805-814.
  70. Wen, D. and Y. Ding, Experimental investigation into the pool boiling heat transfer of aqueous based γ-alumina nanofluids. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 2005. 7(2): p. 265-274.
  71. Chopkar, M., et al., Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of ZrO2-water nanofluids from a flat surface in a pool. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2008. 44(8): p. 999-1004.
  72. Tang, X., Y.-H. Zhao, and Y.-h. Diao, Experimental investigation of the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of δ-Al 2 O 3-R141b nanofluids on a horizontal plate. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2014. 52: p. 88-96.
  73. Suriyawong, A. and S. Wongwises, Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of TiO 2-water nanofluids at very low concentrations. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2010. 34(8): p. 992-999.
  74. Ahmed, O. and M. Hamed, Experimental investigation of the effect of particle deposition on pool boiling of nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(13): p. 3423-3436.
  75. White, S.B., A.J. Shih, and K.P. Pipe, Effects of nanoparticle layering on nanofluid and base fluid pool boiling heat transfer from a horizontal surface under atmospheric pressure. Journal of Applied Physics, 2010. 107(11): p. 114302.
  76. Akbari, E., et al., Effect of silver nanoparticle deposition in re-entrant inclined minichannel on bubble dynamics for pool boiling enhancement. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2017. 82: p. 390-401.
  77. Phan, H.T., et al., Surface coating with nanofluids: the effects on pool boiling heat transfer. Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2010. 14(4): p. 229-244.
  78. Xu, Z. and C. Zhao, Influences of nanoparticles on pool boiling heat transfer in porous metals. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2014. 65(1): p. 34-41.
  79. Jaikumar, A., S.G. Kandlikar, and A. Gupta, Pool Boiling Enhancement through Graphene and Graphene Oxide Coatings. Heat Transfer Engineering, 2017. 38(14-15): p. 1274-1284.
  80. Ahn, H.S., et al., Pool boiling experiments in reduced graphene oxide colloids. Part I-Boiling characteristics. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 74: p. 501-512.
  81. Ganapathy, H. and V. Sajith, Semi-analytical model for pool boiling of nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 57(1): p. 32-47.
  82. Shoghl, S.N., Experimental investigation on pool boiling heat transfer of ZnO, and CuO water-based nanofluids and effect of surfactant on heat transfer coefficient. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 45: p. 122-129.
  83. Soltani, S., S.G. Etemad, and J. Thibault, Pool boiling heat transfer performance of Newtonian nanofluids. Heat and mass transfer, 2009. 45(12): p. 1555-1560.
  84. Trisaksri, V. and S. Wongwises, Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer of TiO 2-R141b nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009. 52(5): p. 1582-1588.
  85. Kole, M. and T. Dey, Thermal performance of screen mesh wick heat pipes using water-based copper nanofluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2013. 50(1): p. 763-770.
  86. Soltani, S., S.G. Etemad, and J. Thibault, Pool boiling heat transfer of non-Newtonian nanofluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2010. 37(1): p. 29-33.
  87. Wen, D., Influence of nanoparticles on boiling heat transfer. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2012. 41: p. 2-9.
  88. Wen, D., et al., Boiling heat transfer of nanofluids: the effect of heating surface modification. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2011. 50(4): p. 480-485.
  89. Naphon, P. and C. Thongjing, Pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of refrigerant-nanoparticle mixtures. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 52: p. 84-89.
  90. Sarafraz, M. and F. Hormozi, Pool boiling heat transfer to dilute copper oxide aqueous nanofluids. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2015. 90: p. 224-237.
  91. Sarafraz, M. and F. Hormozi, Nucleate pool boiling heat transfer characteristics of dilute Al 2 O 3-ethyleneglycol nanofluids. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2014. 58: p. 96-104.
  92. Lee, C.Y., B.J. Zhang, and K.J. Kim, Influence of heated surfaces and fluids on pool boiling heat transfer. Experimental thermal and fluid science, 2014. 59: p. 15-23.
  93. Zhang, B.J., K.J. Kim, and H. Yoon, Enhanced heat transfer performance of alumina sponge-like nano-porous structures through surface wettability control in nucleate pool boiling. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 55(25): p. 7487-7498.
  94. Sayahi, T., A. Tatar, and M. Bahrami, A RBF model for predicting the pool boiling behavior of nanofluids over a horizontal rod heater. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2016. 99: p. 180-194.
  95. Narayan, G.P., K. Anoop, and S.K. Das, Mechanism of enhancement/deterioration of boiling heat transfer using stable nanoparticle suspensions over vertical tubes. Journal of Applied Physics, 2007. 102(7): p. 074317.
  96. Kim, J.M., et al., Nucleate boiling in graphene oxide colloids: Morphological change and critical heat flux enhancement. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2016. 85: p. 209-222.
  97. Brinkman, H., The viscosity of concentrated suspensions and solutions. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1952. 20(4): p. 571-571.
  98. Namburu, P.K., et al., Viscosity of copper oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol and water mixture. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2007. 32(2): p. 397-402.
  99. Nguyen, C., et al., Viscosity data for Al2O3-water nanofluid—hysteresis: is heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids reliable? International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2008. 47(2): p. 103-111.
  100. Khanafer, K. and K. Vafai, A critical synthesis of thermophysical characteristics of nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 54(19): p. 4410-4428.
  101. Kathiravan, R., et al., Pool boiling characteristics of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) based nanofluids over a flat plate heater. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2011. 54(5): p. 1289-1296.
  102. Vafaei, S., et al., The effect of nanoparticles on the liquid-gas surface tension of Bi2Te3 nanofluids. Nanotechnology, 2009. 20(18): p. 185702.
  103. Kumar, R. and D. Milanova, Effect of surface tension on nanotube nanofluids. Applied Physics Letters, 2009. 94(7): p. 073107.
  104. Lotfi, H. and M. Shafii, Boiling heat transfer on a high temperature silver sphere in nanofluid. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2009. 48(12): p. 2215-2220.
  105. Li, J.-Q., et al. An Experimental Study of Boiling Heat Transfer During Quenching of Nanofluids With Carbon Nanotubes of Various Sizes. in ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. 2016. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
  106. Hashemi, S.M.H., et al., Study of heat transfer enhancement in a nanofluid-cooled miniature heat sink. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2012. 39(6): p. 877-884.
  107. Sohel, M., et al., Investigating the heat transfer performance and thermophysical properties of nanofluids in a circular micro-channel. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2013. 42: p. 75-81.
  108. Salman, B., et al., Characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow in microtube and microchannel using conventional fluids and nanofluids: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2013. 28: p. 848-880.
  109. Fukada, Y., I. Haze, and M. Osakabe, The effect of fouling on nucleate pool boiling of small wires. Heat Transfer—Asian Research, 2004. 33(5): p. 316-329.
  110. Betz, A.R., et al., Do surfaces with mixed hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas enhance pool boiling? Applied Physics Letters, 2010. 97(14): p. 141909.
  111. Gheitaghy, A.M., A. Samimi, and H. Saffari, Surface structuring with inclined minichannels for pool boiling improvement. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017. 126: p. 892-902.
  112. Chu, K.-H., R. Enright, and E.N. Wang, Structured surfaces for enhanced pool boiling heat transfer. Applied Physics Letters, 2012. 100(24): p. 241603.
  113. Wang, C. and V. Dhir, Effect of surface wettability on active nucleation site density during pool boiling of water on a vertical surface. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1993. 115(3): p. 659-669.
  114. Dehkordi, R.A., M.H. Esfe, and M. Afrand, Effects of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes on thermal performance of antifreeze: an experimental study on thermal conductivity. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017. 120: p. 358-366.
  115. Zuber, N., Hydrodynamic aspects of boiling heat transfer (thesis). 1959, Ramo-Wooldridge Corp., Los Angeles, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States).
  116. Zuber, N., Nucleate boiling. The region of isolated bubbles and the similarity with natural convection. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1963. 6(1): p. 53-78.
  117. Rohsenow, W.M., A method of correlating heat transfer data for surface boiling of liquids. 1951, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Division of Industrial Cooporation, 1951.
  118. Zuber, N., On the stability of boiling heat transfer. Trans. Am. Soc. Mech. Engrs., 1958. 80.
  119. Kutateladze, S., On the transition to film boiling under natural convection. Kotloturbostroenie, 1948. 3: p. 10-12.
  120. Kandlikar, S.G., A theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation. Journal of Heat Transfer, 2001. 123(6): p. 1071-1079.
  121. Zuber, N., The hydrodynamic crisis in pool boiling of saturated and subcooled liquids. Int. Developments in Heat Transfer, ASME, 1961. 27: p. 230-236.
  122. Lienhard, J. and V. Dhir, On the prediction of the minimum pool boiling heat flux. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1980. 102(3): p. 457-460.
  123. Haramura, Y. and Y. Katto, A new hydrodynamic model of critical heat flux, applicable widely to both pool and forced convection boiling on submerged bodies in saturated liquids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 1983. 26(3): p. 389-399.
  124. Kandlikar, S.G., A theoretical model to predict pool boiling CHF incorporating effects of contact angle and orientation. Transactions-American Society Of Mechanical Engineers Journal Of Heat Transfer, 2001. 123(6): p. 1071-1079.
  125. Ferjančič, K. and I. Golobič, Surface effects on pool boiling CHF. Experimental thermal and fluid science, 2002. 25(7): p. 565-571.
  126. Ramilison, J., P. Sadasivan, and J. Lienhard, Surface factors influencing burnout on flat heaters. Journal of Heat Transfer (Transactions of the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), Series C);(United States), 1992. 114(1).
  127. Nakayama, W., et al., Dynamic model of enhanced boiling heat transfer on porous surfaces—Part I: Experimental investigation. Journal of Heat Transfer, 1980. 102(3): p. 445-450.

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence