THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

Syed M. Shaahid

,

L. M. Alhems

,

M. K. Rahman

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ESTABLISHMENT OF WIND FARMS IN DIFFERENT PROVINCES OF SAUDI ARABIA TO MITIGATE FUTURE ENERGY CHALLENGES

ABSTRACT
In the present study, the techno-economic feasibility of development of 15 MW wind power plants (wind farms) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been investigated by analyzing long-term wind speed data. To achieve this aim, two geographically distinct sites covering different non-coastal locations of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have been selected. Long-term data indicates that the yearly average wind speed of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia varies from 3.0-4.5 m/s at 10 m height. The wind farms simulated consist of different combinations of 600 kW commercial wind machines (50 m hub-height). The NREL’s (HOMER Energy’s) HOMER software has been employed to perform the analysis. The study presents the monthly variations of wind speed, cumulative frequency distribution profiles of wind speed, monthly and yearly amount of energy generated from the proposed 15 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) at different non-coastal locations of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, cost of generating energy ($/kWh), capacity factor (%), etc. The cumulative frequency distribution indicates that the wind speeds are less than 3 m/s for 48% and 59% of the time during the year at Badanah (Northern province) and Khamis-Mashayt (Southern province), respectively. This implies that wind electric conversion systems or wind farms will not produce energy for 48% of the time during the year at Badanah and for 59% at Khamis-Mashayt. The annual energy produced by 15 MW wind farms (50 m hub-height) has been found to be 18778 and 11314 MWh at Northern and Southern provinces, respectively. The cost of wind-based electricity by using 600 kW (50 m hub-height) commercial wind electric conversion systems has been found to be 0.0612 and 0.1016 US$/kWh for Badanah and Khamis-Mushayt, respectively. Also, the capacity factor of the wind-based power plant has been found to vary from 9 to 15% for the considered locations.
KEYWORDS
Wind speeds, Commercial wind machines, Wind farms, Hub-heights, Cost of energy (COE)
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2017-10-25
PAPER REVISED: 2018-01-27
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2018-03-10
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2018-04-28
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI171025109S
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2019, VOLUME 23, ISSUE Issue 5, PAGES [2909 - 2918]
REFERENCES
  1. Ahmed, O., Roberto, S., Driss, Z., Abdelaziz, M., and Rachid, B., Sustainability of a wind power plant: Application to different Moroccan sites, Energy, 35 (2010), pp. 4226-4236.
  2. www.afaqscientific.com/icest2011/ICEST2011basic.html
  3. Bellarmine, T. G., Joe, U., Wind energy for the 1990s and beyond, Energy Convers. Management, 37(1996), 12, pp. 1741-1751.
  4. Brian, W. R., and Richartd, Wind resource assessment of the Southern Appalachian Ridges in the Southeastern United States, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 13(2009), pp. 1104-1110.
  5. Neeraj, G., Moharil, R.M., and Kulkarni, P.S., Wind electric power in the world and perspectives of its development in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review, 13( 2009), pp. 233-247.
  6. Mir-Akbar, H., and David, R. B., Economic feasibility and optimization of an energy storage system for Portland Wind Farm (Victoria, Australia), Applied Energy, 88 (2011), pp. 2756-2763.
  7. www.gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/vip/GWEC_PRstats2016_EN_WEB.pdf
  8. www.wwindea.org/home/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=266&Itemid=43
  9. Himri, Y., Boudghene Stambouli, A., and Draoui, B., Prospects of wind farm development in Algeria, Desalination, 239(2009), pp. 130-138.
  10. Albadi, M. H., El-Saadany, E.F., and Albadi, .A., Wind to power a new city in Oman, Energy, 34( 2009), pp. 1579-1586.
  11. Hamid Marafia, A., and Hamdy Ashour, A., Economics of off-shore/on-shore wind energy systems in Qatar, Renewable Energy, 28 (2003), pp. 1953-1963.
  12. El-Osta, W., and Kalifa, Y., Prospects of wind power plants in Libya: a case study, Renewable Energy, 28(2003), pp. 363-371.
  13. Jiwoong, P., Jeongil, K., Youndho, S., Jeongoon, L., and Jongpo, P., 3 MW class wind turbine development, Current Applied Physics, 10 (2010), pp. 307-310.
  14. Baris, O., Serra O., and Mahir, T., Feasibility study of wind farms: A case study for Izmir, Turkey, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 94(2006), pp. 725-743.
  15. Jingyi, H., Arthur, P., Yonglong, L., and Lei, Z., Onshore wind power development in China: Challenges behind a successful story, Energy Policy 37(2009), pp. 2941-2951.
  16. Oyedepo, S.O., Adaramola, M.S., and Paul S.S. Analysis of wind speed data and wind energy potential in three selected locations in south-east Nigeria, Energy Policy 37(2009), pp. 2941-2951. Int J Energy Environ Eng, 3(2012), pp. 2-11.
  17. Ali M. Eltamaly and Hassan M. Farh A. M. Wind energy assessment for five locations in Saudi Arabia, Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy 4(2012), pp. 1-11.
  18. Mehmet, B., Abdulkadir, Y., and Erdogan, S., Offshore wind power development in Europe and its comparison with onshore counterpart, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review,15(2011), pp. 905-915.
  19. Raul M., Rafael S., Roberto S., Alexandre S., Luis S. Contributions to the analysis of Integrating large scale wind power into the electricity grid in the Northeast of Brazil. Energy 118(2017), pp. 1198 - 1209.
  20. Mazhar H. B., Ghulam S.K., Zubair A.M. Current scenario of the wind energy in Pakistan challenges and future perspectives: A case study. Energy Reports 2(2016), pp. 201-210.
  21. Papadopoulos, A.M., Glinou, G.L., and Papacristos, D.A., Developments in the utilization of wind energy in Greece, Renewable Energy, 33(2008), pp. 105-110.
  22. Saudi consolidated electric company, Annual Report no. 1, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2009.
  23. Hansen, U., Technological options for power generation, The Energy Journal, 19(1998), 2, pp. 63-74.
  24. About wind energy. www.wind.enron.com/windenergy.html.
  25. Shaahid, S.M., and Elhadidy, M.A., Technical and economic assessment of grid-independent hybrid photovoltaic-diesel-battery power systems for commercial loads in desert environments, International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Review Journal, 11(2007), pp. 1794-1810.
  26. Elhadidy, M.A., and Shaahid, S.M., Optimal sizing of battery storage for hybrid (wind+diesel) power systems, International Journal of Renewable Energy, 18(1999), 1, pp. 77-85.
  27. Elhadidy, M.A., and Shaahid, S.M., Feasibility of hybrid (wind+solar) power systems for Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Proceedings, World Renewable Energy Congress V, Florence-Italy, September 20-25, pp. 89-96.
  28. Shaahid, S.M., and Elhadidy, M.A., Optimal sizing of battery storage for stand-alone hybrid (photo-voltaic+diesel) power systems, International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 24(2005), 3, pp. 155-166.
  29. Elhadidy, M.A., and Shaahid, S.M., Parametric study of hybrid (wind+solar+diesel) power generating systems, International Journal of Renewable Energy, 21(2000), pp. 129-138.
  30. Shaahid, S.M., L.M. Al-Hadhrami and M.K. Rahman (2013). Economic feasibility of development of wind farms in coastal locations of Saudi Arabia - A review. International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews Journal, v. 19, March 2013, pp. 589-597.
  31. Shaahid S.M., Luai M. Al-Hadhrami, and M.K. Rahman (2016). Feasibility of Development of Wind Farms in Northern Province of Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER). v. 11, no. 13, pp. 8041-8045.
  32. Shaahid S.M., Luai M. Al-Hadhrami, and M.K. Rahman. (2014). Potential of Establishment of Wind Farms in Western Province of Saudi Arabia. Energy Procedia, v. 52, pp. 497-505.
  33. www.nrel.gov/international/tools/HOMER/homer.html.
  34. www.eia.gov/cabs/Saudi_Arabia/Full.html.
  35. Wind Energy Atlas for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1983, The Saudi Arabian National Center for Science & Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
  36. www.otherpower.com/windbasics2.html.
  37. www.iptv.org/exploremore/energy/profiles/wind.cfm.
  38. Wind Energy Manual, www.energy.iastate.edu/renewable/wind/wem/wem-01_print.html
  39. www.windpower.org/en/tour/wres/annu.htm.
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Techno-economic assessment of establishment of wind farms in different provinces of Saudi Arabia to mitigate future energy challenges

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence