ABSTRACT
Using RES is one of the most important characteristics of the sustainable and resilient development. Nowadays, need to minimize CO2 emissions is obligatory, especially in the sector of urban and architectural planning, since in Serbia approximately 50% of produced energy is spent in buildings. The CO2 emission, in urban structures, can and must be reduced at the different levels: building level, block, and city level. For the city of Kragujevac, based on urban parameters defined in General Urban Plan, typical urban block was chosen and typical building structure developed. Calculation were made, based on recommendations developed by the Ministry of mining and energy and Serbian regulations, for the energy needed for domestic hot water preparation. In this paper, the influences of architectural and urban parameters on the use of solar thermal collectors at the typical building and urban block level is investigated. Recommendations are prepared for principles of urban and architectural design in order to enable the use of collectors for domestic hot water preparation and in that way CO2 emission reduction. Developed methodology for the city of Kragujevac can be applied in defining design principles in whole the country and Balkans region, not only for the use of solar thermal collectors but also for the use of other RES.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2017-06-01
PAPER REVISED: 2018-03-20
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2018-04-04
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2018-09-22
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2018, VOLUME
22, ISSUE
Supplement 4, PAGES [S1249 - S1258]
- Noghrehabadi, A., et al, An Experimental Study of The Thermal Performance of The Square and Rhombic Solar Collectors, Thermal Science, OnLine-First, (2016), Issue 00, pp.1-13, DOI No. 10.2298/TSCI151228252N
- Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC, The European Parliament and Council, Belgium, 2009.
- Izgradnja solarnih grejnih sistema u Srbiji - Vodič za investitore, Ministarstvo energetike, razvoja i zaštite životne sredine, Republika Srbija, 2011 (Rulebook on energy efficiency of buildings, Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, Republic of Serbia, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, 2011. (Construction of the solar heating systems in the Republic of Serbia - Guide for investors, Mining and Spatial Planning of the Republic of Serbia supported by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Ministry of Environment, 2011)
- Pravilnik o energetskoj efikasnosti zgrada, Ministarstvo životne sredine, rudarstva i prostornog planiranja, Republika Srbija, ,,Službeni glasnik RS", No. 24/11, 2011, 2011 (Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, Rulebook on energy efficiency of buildings, Republic of Serbia, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 24/11, 2011)
- Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A., Solar Energy Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons, New York, USA, 1974
- Szokolay, S. V., Solar World Congress, Architectural Science Unit, University of Queensland, Australia, 1984
- Kreider, J. F. M. & Kreith, F., Solar energy hanbook, Mc Graw - Hill Book Comp., New York, USA, 1985
- Pucar, M., Bioklimatska arhitektura - zastakljeni prostori i pasivni solarni sistemi, The Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning of Serbia, Serbia, 2006
- Kim, H., et al, Analysis of an energy efficient building design through data mining approach, Automation in Constructio, Vol. 20, (2011), Issue 1, pp.37-43, DOI No. 10.1016/j.autcon.2010.07.006
- Capozzoli, A., et al, Discovering knowledge from a residential building stock through data mining analysis for engineering sustain, Energy Procedia, 83 ( 2015 ), pp. 370 - 379
- Vasov, M., et al, Reduction of CO2 emission as a benefit of energy efficiency improvement: Kindergartens in the city of Nis - case study, Thermal Science - Online first, (2017), DOI No. 10.2298/TSCI170704225V
- Zakon o planiranju i izgradnji, Republika Srbija, ,,Službeni glasnik RS", 145/2014, 2014 (Law on Planning and Construction, Republic of Serbia, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 145/2014, 2014.)
- Prva izmena i dopuna plana generalne regulacije ,,Centar - Stara Varoš" , JP Direkcija za urbanizam, Kragujevac, Serbia, 24/13, 2014. (Directorate for Urban Planning and Construction of Kragujevac, Plan of General Regulation "Centar-Stara Varos", Republic of Serbia, Official Gazette of the City of Kragujevac, No. 24/13, 2014)
- Jafarkazemi, F., et al, Energy and Exergy Efficiency of Heat Pipe Evacuated Tube Solar Collectors Thermal Science, Vol.20, (2016), Issue 1, pp.327-335, DOI No. 10.2298/TSCI130227150J
- Hottler, M.C. & Woertz B.B., Performance of flat plate solar-heat collectors. Trans. ASME (Am. Soc. Mech. Eng.), Vol. 64, (1942), pp.91-104
- Yakup, M., et al, Optimum tilt angle and orientation for solar collector in Brunei Darussalam, Renewable Energy, Vol. 24, (2001), Issue 2, pp.223-234, DOI No. 10.1016/S0960-1481(00)00168-3
- Photovoltaic Geographical Information System (PVGIS), re.jrc.ec.europa.eu/pvgis/
- Duffie, J. A. & Beckman, W. A., Solar Energy Thermal Processes, 4th edition, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA, 2013
- Association of German Engineers (VDI), VDI 2067-4 Standard, Germany, 1982-02.
- Shephard, R.W. & Färe, R., The Law of Diminishing Returns, Journal of Economics, 99, (1974), pp. 287-318
