THERMAL SCIENCE
International Scientific Journal
INFLUENCE OF HIGH COMPRESSION RATIO AND EXCESS AIR RATIO ON PERFORMANCE AND EMISSIONS OF NATURAL GAS FUELLED SPARK IGNITION ENGINE
ABSTRACT
Compressed natural gas is in automotive industry recognized as one of the “cleanest” fossil fuels which can be used in internal combustion engines with a number of benefits. Since natural gas has much higher octane rating than gasoline it is expected that higher compression ratios can be used. The goal of the research is to determine the change of performance of spark ignited engine with the increase of compression ratio to values similar to compression ignited engine while keeping the exhaust emissions on the acceptable level and avoiding knock combustion. Measurements are performed at compression ratios 12, 16, and 18 at three different values of air excess ratio. Methane with known composition from a pressure cylinder is used instead of natural gas and the results are comprised of indicating results (in-cylinder and intake pressure in a crank angle space), emissions, temperatures, and mass-flows on various intake and exhaust positions. Analysis of results shows high influence of compression ratio and excess air ratio on combustion, performance, and exhaust gas emissions.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2017-12-22
PAPER REVISED: 2018-02-28
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2018-03-01
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2018-09-23
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2018, VOLUME
22, ISSUE
Issue 5, PAGES [2013 - 2024]
- Taritaš, I., et al., The Effect of Operating Parameters on Dual Fuel Engine Performance and Emissions - An Overview, Trans FAMENA, 41 (2017), 1, pp 1-14
- Khan, M. I., et al., Technical Overview of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a Transportation Fuel, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 51 (2015), Nov., pp. 785-797
- Serrano, D., Bertrand, L., Exploring the Potential of Dual Fuel Diesel-CNG Combustion for Passenger Car Engine, Proceedings, FISITA 2012 World Congress, Beijing, China, 2012
- Tahir, M. M., et al., Performance Analysis of a Spark Ignition Engine Using Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Fuel, Energy Procedia, 68 (2015), Apr., pp 355-362
- Aslam, M. U., et al., An Experimental Investigation of CNG as an Alternative Fuel for a Retrofitted Gasoline Vehicle, Fuel, 85 (2006), 5, pp. 717-724
- Jahirul, M. I., et al., Comparative Engine Performance and Emission Analysis of CNG and Gasoline in a Retrofitted Car Engine, Appl. Therm. Eng., 30 (2010), 14, pp. 2219-2226
- Cho, H. M., He, B.-Q., Spark Ignition Natural Gas Engines ‒ A Review, Energy Convers. Manag., 48 (2007), 2, pp. 608-618
- Korakianitis, T., et al., Natural-gas Fueled Spark-ignition (SI) and Compression-ignition (CI) Engine Performance and Emissions, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 37 (2011), 1, pp. 89-112
- Raju, A. V. S. R., et al., Experimental Investigations on a Lean Burn Natural Gas Fuelled si Engine at Different Compression Ratios, J. Inst. Eng. Mech. Eng. Div., 80 (2000), 4, pp. 144-147
- Zhang, Q., et al., Combustion and Emissions of a Euro VI Heavy-duty Natural Gas Engine Using EGR and TWC, J. Nat. Gas. Sci. Eng., 28 (2016), Jan., pp. 660-671
- Zoldak, P., Naber, J., Spark Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Combustion in a Heavy Duty Single Cylinder Test Engine ‒ Start of Injection and Spark Timing Effects, SAE Technical Paper, 2015-01-2813, 2015
- Zoldak, P., Naber, J., Spark Ignited Direct Injection Natural Gas Combustion in a Heavy Duty Single Cylinder Test Engine ‒ AFR and EGR Dilution Effects, SAE Technical Paper, 2015-01-2808, 2015
- Lim, G., et al., Effects of Compression Ratio on Performance and Emission Characteristics of Heavy-duty SI Engine Fuelled with HCNG, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), 11, pp. 4831-4838
- Takagaki, S., Raine, R., The Effects of Compression Ratio on Nitric Oxide and Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spark-Ignition Natural Gas Fuelled Engine, SAE Technical Paper, 970506, 1997
- Asar, G. M. M., et al., Study of Natural Gas in an Air-Cooled Spark Ignition Engine, SAE Technical Paper, 1997-10-972113, 1997, pp. 291-296
- ***, Hatz Diesel, www.hatz-diesel.com/en/products/diesel-engines/d-series/1d81/
- Zhu, G., et al., MBT Timing Detection and its Closed-loop Control Using In-cylinder Pressure Signal, SAE Technical Paper, 2003-01-3266, 2003
- Vuilleumier, D., et al., Intermediate Temperature Heat Release in an HCCI Engine Fueled by Ethanol/n-heptane Mixtures: An Experimental and Modeling Study, Combust. Flame., 161 (2013), 3, pp. 680-695
- ***, Delphi Technologies, delphi.com/docs/default-source/worldwide-emissions-standards/2016-2017-heavy-duty-amp-off-highway-vehicles.pdf?status=Temp&sfvrsn=0.03636262961639791
- Sremec, M., et al., Numerical Investigation of Injection Timing and Knock on Dual Fuel Engine, Proceedings, 2nd SEE SDEWES Conference, Piran, Slovenia, 2016.
- Eswara, A. K., et al., Introduction to Natural Gas: A Comparative Study of its Storage, Fuel Costs and Emissions for a Harbor Tug, Conference Paper, Annual Meeting of Society of Naval Architects & Marine Engineers (SNAME), Bellevue, Washington, United States of America, 2013
- ***, Nett Technologies Inc., www.nettinc.com/information/emissions-faq/how-does-an-oxidation-catalyst-work
- Basshuysen, R., Schäfer, F., Internal Combustion Engine Handbook, SAE International, Warendale, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2004