ABSTRACT
Non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis were used to investigate the thermal stability and kinetics of three types of Ginkgo biloba leaves. These three types of Ginkgo biloba leaves included: Ginkgo biloba leaves before enzymolysis and ultrasound extraction (G1), Ginkgo biloba leaves after enzymolysis and ultrasound extraction (G2) and Ginkgo biloba leaves after soxhlet extraction (G3). TG/DTG experiments indicated that the thermal stability of G2 and G3 were weaker than G1. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Friedman and Coats-Redfern methods were firstly utilized to calculate the kinetic parameters and predicted decomposition mechanism of G1, G2 and G3. The thermal decomposition of G1, G2 and G3 were all corresponded to random nucleation and growth, following the Avrami-Erofeev equation, and activation energy of which were 191.4, 149.9 and 201.6 kJ/moL, respectively. In addition, the thermal decomposition G1, G2 and G3 were endothermic, irreversible and non-spontaneous.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2017-01-17
PAPER REVISED: 2017-05-20
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2017-06-14
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2017-07-08
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2018, VOLUME
22, ISSUE
Issue 2, PAGES [1059 - 1069]
- Mahadevan, S., et al., Modulation of Cholesterol Metabolism by Ginkgo Biloba L. Nuts and Their Extract, Food Research International, 41 (2008), 1, pp. 89-95
- Singh, B., et al., Biology and Chemistry of Ginkgo Biloba, Fitoterapia, 79 (2008), 6, pp. 401-418
- Van Beek, T. A., Montoro, P., Chemical Analysis and Quality Control of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves, Extracts, and Phytopharmaceuticals, Journal of Chromatography A, 1216 (2009), 11, pp. 2002-2032
- Van Beek, T. A., Chemical Analysis of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves and Extracts, Journal of Chromatography A, 967 (2002), 1, pp. 21-55
- Wang, C. Z., et al., The Studies on the Chemistry, Purification and Pharmacology of Polyprenols from Ginkgo Biloba Leaves, Natural Product Research and Development, 13 (2000), pp. 43-45
- Defeudis, F. V., Drieu, K., "Stress-alleviating" and "Vigilance-enhancing" Actions of Ginkgo Biloba Extract (EGb 761), Drug Development Research, 62 (2004), 1, pp. 1-25
- Mahady, G. B., Ginkgo Biloba for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Literature, Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 16 (2002), 4, pp. 21-32
- Smith, J. V., Luo, Y., Studies on Molecular Mechanisms of Ginkgo Biloba Extract, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64 (2004), 4, pp. 465-472
- Yang, L., et al., Hepatoprotective Effects of Polyprenols from Ginkgo Biloba Leaves on CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats, Fitoterapia, 82 (2011), 6, pp. 834-840
- Tao, R., et al., Antibacterial/Antifungal Activity and Synergistic Interactions between Polyprenols and Other Lipid Isolated from Ginkgo Biloba L. Leaves, European Food Research and Technology, 239 (2014), 4, pp. 587-594
- Farid, C., et al., Green Extraction of Natural Products Concept and Principles, International of Journal Molecular Sciences, 13 (2012), 7, pp. 8615-8627
- Rombaut, N., et al., Green Extraction Processes of Natural Products as Tools for Biorefinery, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 8 (2014), 4, pp. 530-544
- Zhang, C. W., et al., Enzymolysis-based Ultrasound Extraction and Antioxidant Activities of Polyprenol Lipids from Ginkgo Biloba Leaves, Process Biochemistry, 51 (2016), 3, pp. 444-451
- Chen, W. H., et al., Thermal Decomposition Dynamics and Severity of Microalgae Residues in Torrefaction, Bioresource Technology, 169 (2014), 16, pp. 258-264
- Wang, J. X., et al., Error Evaluation on Pyrolysis Kinetics of Sawdust Using Iso-conversional Methods, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 124 (2016), 3, pp. 1-6
- Viboon, S., et al., Thermal Decomposition Study on Jatropha curcas L. Waste Using TGA and Fixed Bed Reactor, Journal of Analytical and Applied pyrolysis, 85 (2009), 1, pp. 155-162
- Li, X. Y., et al., Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Nickel (II) and Cobalt(II) Azo Barbituric Acid Complexes, Thermochimica Acta, 493 (2009), 1, pp. 85-89
- Huang, M. X., et al., Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Glycine in Nitrogen Atmosphere, Thermochimica Acta, 552 (2013), 552, pp. 60-64
- Yao, F., et al., Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Natural Fibers: Activation Energy with Dynamic Thermogravimetric Analysis, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 93 (2008), 1, pp. 90-98
- Rotaru, A., et al., Non-isothermal Kinetics of 2-Allyl-4-((4-(4-Methylbenzyloxy)Phenyl) Diazenyl) Phenol in Air Flow, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 97 (2009), 2, pp. 485-491
- Rotaru, A., et al., Non-isothermal Study of Three Liquid Crystals in Dynamic Air Atmosphere, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 92 (2008), 1, pp. 233-238
- Kissinger, H. E., Variation of Peak Temperature with Heating Rate in Different Rate in Differential Thermal Analysis, Journal of Research of the National Bureau Standards, 57 (1956), 4, pp. 217-221
- Kissinger, H. E., Reaction Kinetic in Differential Thermal Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, 29 (1957), 11, pp. 1702-1706
- Ozawa, T., A New Method of Analyzing Thermogravimetric Data, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 38 (1965), 11, pp. 1881-1886
- Xu, G., et al., Kinetic Study of Decomposition of Wheat Distiller Grains and Steam Gasification of the Corresponding Pyrolysis Char, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 108 (2012), 1, pp. 109-117
- Chen, Z. P., et al., Application of Isoconversional Calculation Procedure to Non-isothermal Kinetic Study: III. Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Cobalt Phosphate Hydrate. Thermochimica Acta, 543 (2012), 17, pp. 205-210
- Ma, H. X., et al., Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics and Adiabatic Time to Explosion of 3,3-dinitroazetidinium 3,5-dinitrosalicylate, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 95 (2009), 2, pp. 437-444
- Boonchom, B., Kinetics of Thermal Transformation of Mg3(PO4)2.8H2O to Mg3(PO4)2, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 31 (2010), 2, pp. 416-429
- Esin, A. V., et al., Pyrolysis Kinetics and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Polycarbonate-a TGA-FTIR Study, Thermal Science, 18 (2014), 3, pp. 833-842
- Vyazovkin, S., et al., ICTAC Kinetics Committee Recommendations for Performing Kinetic Computations on Thermal Analysis Data, Thermochimica Acta, 520 (2011), 1-2, pp. 1-19