THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

NUMERICAL MODELING OF HYPOLIMNETIC OXYGENATION BY ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER

ABSTRACT
The paper presents a novel method for hypolimnetic oxygenation by electrolysis of water. The performance of the method is investigated by the laboratory and the field experiment. The laboratory experiment is conducted in a 90 L vessel, while the field experiment is conducted at the lake Biwa in Japan. In order to provide a better insight into involved processes, a numerical model for simulation of bubble flow is developed with consideration of gas compressibility and oxygen dissolution. The model simultaneously solves 3-D volume averaged two-fluid governing equations. Developed model is firstly verified by simulation of bubble flow experiments, reported in the literature, where good qualitative agreement between measured and simulated results is observed. In the second part, the model is applied for simulation of conducted water electrolysis experiments. The model reproduced the observed oxygen concentration dynamics reasonably well. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 37009]
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2016-02-01
PAPER REVISED: 2016-05-30
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2016-06-14
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2016-08-07
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI160201190J
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2017, VOLUME 21, ISSUE Supplement 3, PAGES [S679 - S690]
REFERENCES
  1. Wetzel, R., G., Limnology, W. B. Saunders Company, Philadephia, USA, 1975
  2. Codd, G.A., Cyanobacterial toxins, the perception of water quality, and the prioritisation of eutrophica-tion control, Ecological Engineering, 1 (2000), pp.51-60
  3. Cao, H.S., et al., Eutrophication and algal blooms in channe type reservois: a novel enclosure experiment by changing light intensity, J. Environ. Sci. 23 (2011), 10, pp. 1660-1670
  4. Elci, S., Effects of thermal stratification and mixing on reservoir water quality, Limnology, 9 (2008), pp. 135-142
  5. Rangel-Peraza, J., et al., Modeling approach for characterizing thermal stratification and assessing water quality for a large tropical reservoir, Lakes & Reservoirs: Research & Management, 17 (2012), 2, pp. 119-129
  6. Ma, W.X., et al., Study of the application of the water-lifting aerators to improve the water quality of a stratified, eutrophicated reservoir, Ecological Engineering, 83 (2015), pp. 281-290
  7. Jones, R.A. and Lee G.F, Recent advances in assessing impact of phosphorus loads on eutrophication-related water quality, Water Research, 16 (1982), 5, pp. 503-515
  8. Smith, V.H., et al., Eutrophication: impact of excess nutrient inputs on freshwater, marine, nd terrestrial ecosystems, Environmental Pollution, 100 (1999), 1-3, pp. 179-196
  9. Sylvan, J.B., et al., Eutrophication-induced phosphorus limitation in the Mississippi River plume: Evi-dence from fast repetition rate fluorometry, Limnology and Oceanography. 56 (2007), 6, pp. 2679-2685
  10. McGinnis, D.F. and Little, J.C., Predicting diffused-bubble oxygen transfer rate using the discrete-bubble model, Water Research, 36 (2002), pp. 4627-4635
  11. Beutel, M.W. et al., Effects of aerobic and anaerobic condidtions on P, N, Fe, Mn and Hg accumulation in waters overlaying prundal sediments of an oligo-mesotrophic lake, Water Research, 42 (2008), pp. 1953-1962
  12. Bryant, L.D., et al., Solving the problem at the source: Controlling Mn releaseat the sediment-water in-terface via hypolimentic oxygenation, Water Resources, 45 (2011), pp.6381-6392
  13. Little, J.C., Hypolimnetic aerators: Predicting oxygen transfer and hydrodynamics, Water Research, 29 (1995), 11, pp.2475-2482
  14. Janczak, J. and Kowalik, A., Assessment of the efficiency of artificial aeration in the restoration of Lake Goplo, Limnological Review, 1 (2001), pp. 151-159
  15. McGinnis, D.F., et al., Interaction between a bubble plume and the near field in a stratified lake, Water Resources Research, 40 (2004), W10206
  16. Gafsi, M., et al., Comparative studies of the different mechanical oxygenation systems used in the resto-ration of lakes and reservoirs, J. of Food, Agricalture & Environment, 7 (2009), (2), pp. 815-822
  17. Schladow, S. G., Bubble Plume Dynamics in a Stratified Medium and the Implications for Water Quali-ty Amelioration in Lakes, Water Resour. Res. 28 (1992), 2, pp. 313-321
  18. Wuest, A., et al., Bubble Plume Modeling for Lake Restoration, Water Resour. Res. 28 (1992.), 12, pp. 3235-3250
  19. Sahoo, G.B. and Luketina, D., Modeling of bubble plume design and oxygen transfer for reservoir resto-ration, Water Research 37 (2003), pp. 393-401
  20. Aseada, T. and J. Imberger, Structure of bubble plumes in linearly stratified environments, J. Fluid Mech., 249 (1993), pp. 35-57
  21. Lemckert, Ch. and J. Imberger, Energetic bubble plumes in arbitrary stratification, J. Hydraul. Eng., 119 (1993), pp. 680-703
  22. Bernard, R.S., et al., A simple computational mode for bubble plues, Applied Mathematical Modelling, 24 (2000), pp. 215-233
  23. Sokolichin, A. and Eigenberger, G., Gas-liquid flow in bubble columns and loop reactors: Part I. De-tailed modelling and numerical simulation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49 (1994), 24B, pp. 5735-5746
  24. Becker. S., et al., Gas-liquid flow in bubble columns and loop reactors: Part II. Comparison of detailed experiments and flow simulations, Chem. Eng. Sci., 49 (1994), 24B, pp. 5747-5762
  25. Buscaglia, G.C., et al., Numerical modeling of large-scale bubble plumes accounting for mass transfer effects, Int. J. of Multiphase Flow, 28 (2002), pp.1763-1785
  26. Fraga, B., et al., A LES-based Eulerian-Lagrangian approach to predict the dynamics of bubble plumes, Ocean modelling, 97 (2016), pp. 27-36
  27. Hirt, C.W. and Nichols, B.D., Volume-of-fluid (VOF) method for the dynamics of free boundaries, J. Comput. Phys., 39 (1981), pp. 201-225
  28. Sokolichin, A., et al., Dynamic numerical simulation of gas-liquid two-phase flows Euler/Euler vs Eu-ler/Lagrange, Chem Eng. Sci., 52 (1997), 4, pp.611-626
  29. Hassanizadeh, M. and W.G. Gray, General conservation equations for multiphase systems: 1. Averaging procedure, Adv. Water Res., 2 (1979), pp. 131-144
  30. Tomiyama, A., et al., Drag coefficients of single bubbles under normal and micro gravity conditions, JSME Int. J. Series, B41 (1998), pp. 472-479
  31. Hirt, C.W. and Cook, J.L., Calculating Three-Dimensional Flows around Structures and over Rough Terrain, Jour. Comp. Phys., 10 (1972), 324-340
  32. Hirsch, C., Numerical computation of internal and external flows, Vol. 2: Computational methods for inviscid and viscous flows, J. Willey & Sons., (1990)
  33. Sokolichin, A. and Eigenberger, G., Applicability of the standard k- turbulence model to the dynamic simulation of bubble columns. Part I: Detailed numerical simulation, Chem. Eng. Sci., 54 (1999), pp. 2273-2284
  34. Dhotre, M.T., et al., Large eddy simulation for dispersed bubbly flows: a review, Int. J. Chem. Eng., 2013 (2013), pp.1-22
  35. Kimura, I. and Hosoda, T., A non linear k- model with realizability for prediction of flows around bluff bodies, Int. J. Numer. Meth. Fluids, 42 (2003), pp. 813-837
  36. Jacimovic, N. et al., Numerical modeling of dissolved oxygen recovery during aeration in lakes, Pro-ceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Environmental Hydraulics (6th ISEH), Vol. 2 (2010), pp. 729-734.
  37. Borchers, O., et al., Applicability of the standard k- turbulence model to the dynamic simulation of bubble columns. Part II: Comparison of detailed experiments and flow simulations, Chem. Eng. Sci., 54 (1999)., pp. 5927-5735

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence