THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

TECHNO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF STAND-ALONE PHOTOVOLTAIC/WIND/BATTERY/HYDROGEN SYSTEMS FOR VERY SMALL-SCALE APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of three stand-alone hybrid power systems based on renewable energy sources which supply a specific group of low-power consumers. This particular case includes measuring sensors and obstacle lights on a meteorological mast for wind measurements requiring an uninterrupted power supply in cold climate conditions. Although these low-power (100 W) measuring sensors and obstacle lights use little energy, their energy consumption is not the same as the available solar energy obtained on a daily or seasonal basis. In the paper, complementarity of renewable energy sources was analysed, as well as one of short-term lead-acid battery-based storage and seasonal, hydrogen-based (electrolyser, H2 tank, and fuel cells) storage. These relatively complex power systems were proposed earlier for high-power consumers only, while this study specifically highlights the role of the hydrogen system for supplying low-power consumers. The analysis employed a numerical simulation method using the HOMER software tool. The results of the analysis suggest that solar and wind-solar systems, which involve meteorological conditions as referred to in this paper, include a relatively large number of lead-acid batteries. Additionally, the analysis suggests that the use of hydrogen power systems for supplying low power-consumers is entirely justifiable, as it significantly reduces the number of batteries (two at minimum in this particular case). It was shown that the increase in costs induced by the hydrogen system is acceptable.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2015-03-08
PAPER REVISED: 2015-11-19
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2015-11-27
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2015-12-13
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI150308195S
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2016, VOLUME 20, ISSUE Supplement 1, PAGES [S261 - S273]
REFERENCES
  1. Duffie, J. A., Beckman, W. A., Solar Engineering of Thermal Processes, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersey, N. Y., USA, 2006
  2. Messenger, R. A., Ventre, J., Photovoltaic Systems Engineering, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla., USA, 2005
  3. Linden, D., Reddy, T. B., Handbook of Batteries, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, N. Y., USA, 2001
  4. Vosen, S. R., Keller, J. O., Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for Stand-Alone Electric Power Systems: Optimization of System Performance and Cost through Control Strategies, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 24 (1999), 12, pp. 1139-1156
  5. Cotrell, J., Pratt W., Modeling the Feasibility of Using Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engines in Remote Renewable Energy Systems, Report NREL/TP-500-34648, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Col., USA, 2003
  6. ***, HOMER, http://www.homerenergy.com/
  7. ***, Crouch, M., Fuel Cell Systems for Base Stations: Deep Dive Study, 2012
  8. ***, http://www.gsma.com/mobilefordevelopment/fuel-cell-systems-for-base-stations-deep-dive-study
  9. Bezmalinović, D., et al., Techno-Economic Analysis of PEM Fuel Cells Role in Photovoltaic-Based Systems for the Remote Base Stations, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), 1, pp. 417-425
  10. Gomez, G., et al., Optimization of the Photovoltaic-Hydrogen Supply System of a Stand-Alone RemoteTelecom Application, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (2009), 13, pp. 5304-5310
  11. Guinot, B., et al., Economic Impact of Performances Degradation on the Competitiveness of Energy Storage Technologies – Part 1: Introduction to the Simulation – Optimization on a PV-Hydrogen Hybrid System, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), 35, pp. 15219-15232
  12. Garcia, P., et al., Optimal Energy Management System for Stand-Alone Wind Turbine/Photovoltaic/Hydrogen/Battery Hybrid System with Supervisory Control Based on Fuzzy Logic, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), 33, pp. 14146-14158
  13. Kaabeche, A., et al., Sizing Optimization of Grid-Independent Hybrid Photovoltaic/Wind Power Generation System, Energy, 36 (2011), 2, pp. 1214-1222
  14. ***, IEC 61400-12-1:2005 Wind Turbines – 12-1: Power Performance Measurements of Electricity Producing Wind Turbines, 1st ed., 2005
  15. Short, W., et al., A Manual for the Economic Evalution of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Technologies, Report NREL/TP-462-5173, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Col., USA, 1995
  16. Rahimi, S., et al., Techno-Economic Analysis of Wind Turbine-PEM (Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) Fuel Cell Hybrid System in Standalone Area, Energy, 67 (2014), Apr., pp. 381-396
  17. Guinot, B., Economic Impact of Performances Degradation on the Competitiveness of Energy Storage Technologies – Part 2: Application on an Example of Production Guarantee, Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38 (2013), 35, pp. 13702-13716
  18. ***, Meteonorm: Irradiation Data for Every Place on Earth, http://www.meteonorm.com/

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence