The impact of solar activity on weather conditions in the cosmic space, as well as on the planet, is a challenge that has long been arousing the curiosity of scientists. Despite the position that we are in a time of global warming of our planet, there are also studies suggesting that one could rather talk about regional climate changes and not global warming. ertainly, a man by his actions, i. e. release of harmful gases into the atmosphere affect the local, and in some cases regional climate (weather) conditions. However, there are also papers suggesting that we could soon (basically since 2020) enter the stage of the global temperature downturn, similar to those conditions that existed during the Little Ice Age. In the first part of the Special Edition there are two papers dealing with global issues. One of them deals with scientific uncertainties about climate changes, and the energy balance of the Earth has been analyzed in another one, on the basis of which it is determined that a new little ice age follows.