THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

Peter Vidmar

,

Stojan Petelin

,

Blaž Luin

UPGRADE OF A TRANSVERSE VENTILATION SYSTEM IN A BI-DIRECTIONAL TUNNEL

ABSTRACT
The Karavanke tunnel forms an important link between Slovenia and Austria. The almost 8 km long tunnel is operated with bi-directional traffic and does not have dedicated escape routes. Moreover, the ventilation in case of fire does not satisfy requirements of the EU Directive 2004/54/EC that specifies the minimum requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network. The paper present results of the research conducted regarding the possibility of upgrade the existing system in order to reach the required level of safety at lower costs possible. It is shown that with simple but novel adaptations of the ventilation system, a sizeable increase in the overall level of safety can be achieved. The methodology applied is a combination of a simple pipe model for tunnel ventilation and for detailed fluid dynamics analysis the CFD model is used. The existing ventilation system that in fire ventilation extracts smoke from a single duct is replaced with the smoke extraction from both ducts applying four axial fans. The analysis is focused on air/smoke flow through the vents and ducts and on pressure drops calculated over the length of the ventilation duct and its influence on the total flow. The change of the flow condition also has influence on ventilation fan operation point that is investigated in the paper as well.
KEYWORDS
tunnel safety, CFD simulation, pipe model, ventilation, fire safety
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2012-02-12
PAPER REVISED: 2012-03-23
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2012-03-23
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI120212053V
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2012, VOLUME 16, ISSUE Issue 4, PAGES [1067 - 1080]
REFERENCES
  1. Cheng, L. H., Ueng, T. H., Liu, C. W., Simulation of Ventilation and Fire in the Underground Facilities, Fire Safety Journal, 36 (2001), 6, pp. 597-619
  2. Haack, A., Fire Protection in Traffic Tunnels: General and Results of the EUREKA Project, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 13 (1998), 4, pp. 377-381
  3. Jang, H. M., Chen, F., A Novel Approach to the Transient Ventilation of Road Tunnels, Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 86 (2000), 1, pp. 15-36
  4. Petelin, S., Vidmar, P., The Effectiveness of Interventions in Tunnels: Research Development Task in the Field of Fire Safety (in Slovenian), Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport, University of Ljubljana, Portoro`, 2005 [COBISS.SI-ID 1572963]
  5. ***, Regulation Amending the Regulation on Technical Norms and Conditions for the Design of Road Tunnels in the Republic Slovenia, Slovenian Official bulletin, UL RS 54/2009
  6. ***, Regulation of Technical Standards and Conditions for the Design of Road Tunnels in the Republic Slovenia, Slovenian Official Bulletin, UL RS 48/2006
  7. ***, Karavanke Tunnel, Revese protection and Rescue Plan for Emergencies in the Tunnel Karavanke (in Slovenian) Ver 2, 2010, http://www.dors.si
  8. ***, Karavanke Tunnel, Reverse Protection and Rescue Plan for Emergencies in the Tunnel Karavanke (in Slovenian), Ver 2, 2010, http://www.dars.si
  9. Brandt, R., Cufer, A., Upgrading the Karavanken Tunnel According to the EU-Directive 2004/54/EC, 2010
  10. ***, Commision of the European Communities, Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Minimum Safety Requirements for Tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network, Brussels, 2004
  11. Haack, A., Current Safety Issues in Traffic Tunnels, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 17 (2002), 2, pp. 117-127
  12. ***, Fire and Smoke Control in Road Tunnels, PIARC Technical Committee on Tunnel Operation, France 2003
  13. ***, RABT Guidelines for Equipment and Operation of Road Tunnels, Research Society for Roads and Transport (in German), 2nd International Conference Traffic and Safety in Road Tunnels, 2003, Hamburg, Germany
  14. Potter, M. C., Wiggert, D. C., Mechanics of Fluids, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall International, USA, 1997
  15. Fletcher, C. A. J., Computational Techniques of Fluid Dynamics – Vol. 2, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 1991
  16. McGrattan, K., et al., Fire Dynamics Simulator – Technical Reference Guide, National Institute of Standard and Technology, NISTIR 6783, Gaithersburg, Md., USA, 2001
  17. Heskestad, G., SFPE Handbook, Chapter Fire Plumes, 2nd ed., National Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Mass., USA, 1995
  18. Vidmar, P., Petelin, S., Methodology of Using CDF-Based Risk Assessment in Road Tunnels, Thermal Science, 11 (2007), 2, pp. 223-250
  19. Carvel, R. O., Beard, A. N., Jowitt, P. W., The Influence of Longitudinal Ventilation Systems on Fires in Tunnels, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 16 (2001), 1, pp. 3-21
  20. ***, Pipe Flow Expert, Daxesoft Ltd. United Kingdom 2010, (www.pipeflow.co.uk)
  21. Gasser, I., Struckmeier, J., Modelling and Simulation of Fires in Vehicle Tunnels, Computational Fluid Dynamics and Data Analyses (Ed. F. Reihe), No. 19, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany, 2002
  22. Vidmar, P., Petelin, S., An Analysis of a Fire Resulting from a Traffic Accident, Journal of Mechanical Engineering (Strojniski Vestnik), 49 (2003), 5, pp. 1-13
  23. Vidmar, P., Petelin, S., Possibility of Fire Accident Analysis in Road Tunnels, Promet, 16 (2004), 6, pp. 285-295
  24. Huang, Y.-D, et al., Effects of the Ventilation Duct Arrangement and Duct Geometry on Ventilation Performance in a Subway Tunnel Original Research Article, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 26 (2011), 6, pp. 725-733
  25. Bread, A. N., A Model for Predicting Fire Spread in Tunnels, Journal of Fire Science, 15 (1997), 4, pp. 277-307
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Upgrade of a transverse ventilation system in a bi-directional tunnel

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence