THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF LOW GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL REFRIGERANTS IN A VERTICAL MINI-CHANNEL

ABSTRACT
Flow boiling heat transfer characteristics in narrow channels have been investigated extensively by researchers due to its wide range of applications in micro-electromechanical systems, however, being a complex transport process the controlling mechanisms still lack clarity in understanding. Refrigerants related environmental hazards also urged to look for alternative environment friendly refrigerants. It has been noticed that relatively less information is available in the literature specifically for environmentally benign mediums. This study is focused on experimental findings for flow boiling heat transfer performance of low global warming potential refrigerants (R152a, R600a, and R1234yf). The test object was a vertical stainless steel tube (1.60 mm inner diameter and heated surface length 245 mm), experiments were done under upward fluid-flow conditions. The tested conditions were: heat flux 5-245 kW/m2, 50-500 kg/m2s mass velocities while saturation temperatures were 27 °C and 32 °C. The effects of operating parameters like heat and mass fluxes, saturation temperature, and vapor quality on heat transfer were analyzed in detail. It was noticed that heat transfer coefficients were significantly influenced by heat flux and operating pressure level whereas the same were not significantly affected by mass flux and vapor quality. The experimental data of heat transfer was compared with the prediction from various macro and micro scale correlations from the literature.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2020-06-01
PAPER REVISED: 1970-01-01
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2020-10-15
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2020-11-07
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI200601327A
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2022, VOLUME 26, ISSUE Issue 1, PAGES [63 - 76]
REFERENCES
  1. M. M. Mahmoud and T. G. Karayiannis, Heat transfer correlation for flow boiling in small to micro tubes, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 66, pp. 553-574, 2013.
  2. J. J. García-pabón, Overview of low GWP mixtures for the replacement of HFC refrigerants : R134a , Int. J. Refrig., 2019.
  3. T. Y. K. and S. H. LEE, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Wood Pyrolysis Oil-Butanol Blended Fuels in a Di Diesel Engine, Int. J. …, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 293-300, 2012.
  4. B. Minor and M. Spatz, HFO-1234yf Low GWP Refrigerant Update, 2008.
  5. W. Tsai, An overview of environmental hazards and exposure risk of hydrofluorocarbons ( HFCs ), vol. 61, pp. 1539-1547, 2005.
  6. G. Li, M. Eisele, H. Lee, Y. Hwang, and R. Radermacher, Experimental investigation of energy and exergy performance of secondary loop automotive air-conditioning systems using low-GWP ( global warming potential ) refrigerants, Energy, pp. 1-13, 2014.
  7. T. N. Tran, M. W. Wambsganss, and D. M. France, Small circular- and rectangular-channel boiling with two refrigerants, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 485-498, 1996.
  8. M. W. Wambsganss, D. M. France, J. A. Jendrzejczyk, and T. N. Iran, Boiling heat transfer in a horizontal small-diameter tube, J. Heat Transfer, vol. 115, no. 4, pp. 963-972, 1993.
  9. G. M. Lazarek and S. H. Black, Evaporative heat transfer, pressure drop and critical heat flux in a small vertical tube with R-113, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 25, no. 7, pp. 945-960, 1982.
  10. J. Qiu, H. Zhang, X. Yu, Y. Qi, J. Lou, and X. Wang, Experimental investigation of flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drops characteristic of R1234ze(E), R600a, and a mixture of R1234ze(E)/R32 in a horizontal smooth tube, Adv. Mech. Eng., vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1-12, 2015.
  11. Z. Yang, M. Gong, G. Chen, X. Zou, and J. Shen, Two-phase flow patterns, heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R600a during flow boiling inside a horizontal tube, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 120, pp. 654-671, 2017.
  12. M. Piasecka, Correlations for flow boiling heat transfer in minichannels with various orientations, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 81, pp. 114-121, 2015.
  13. W. Yu, D. M. France, M. W. Wambsganss, and J. R. Hull, Two-phase pressure drop, boiling heat transfer, and critical heat flux to water in a small-diameter horizontal tube, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 927-941, 2002.
  14. J. B. Copetti, M. H. MacAgnan, and F. Zinani, Experimental study on R-600a boiling in 2.6 mm tube, Int. J. Refrig., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 325-334, 2013.
  15. S. M. Kim and I. Mudawar, Universal approach to predicting saturated flow boiling heat transfer in mini/micro-channels - Part II. Two-phase heat transfer coefficient, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 64, pp. 1239-1256, 2013.
  16. W. Zhang, T. Hibiki, and K. Mishima, Correlation for flow boiling heat transfer in mini-channels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 47, no. 26, pp. 5749-5763, 2004.
  17. G. R. Warrier, V. K. Dhir, and L. A. Momoda, Heat transfer and pressure drop in narrow rectangular channels, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 53-64, 2002.
  18. D. Mikielewicz, A new method for determination of flow boiling heat transfer coefficient in conventional-diameter channels and minichannels, Heat Transf. Eng., vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 276-287, 2010.
  19. J. Lee and I. Mudawar, Two-phase flow in high-heat-flux micro-channel heat sink for refrigeration cooling applications: Part II - Heat transfer characteristics, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 941-955, 2005.
  20. S. Saitoh, H. Daiguji, and E. Hihara, Correlation for boiling heat transfer of R-134a in horizontal tubes including effect of tube diameter, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 50, no. 25-26, pp. 5215-5225, 2007.
  21. S. S. Bertsch, E. A. Groll, and S. V. Garimella, A composite heat transfer correlation for saturated flow boiling in small channels, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 52, no. 7-8, pp. 2110-2118, 2009.
  22. M.G. Cooper, Saturated nucleate pool boiling - a simple correlation, in: First UK National Heat Transfer Conference, IChemE Symposium, Series 86, vol. 2, 1984, pp. 785-793.
  23. J. C. Chen, Correlation for boiling heat transfer to saturated fluids in convective flow, Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 322-329, 1966.
  24. S. G. Kandlikar, A general correlation for saturated two-phase flow boiling heat transfer inside horizontal and vertical tubes, J. Heat Transfer, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 219-228, 1990.
  25. K. E. Gungor and R. H. S. Winterton, A general correlation for flow boiling in tubes and annuli, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 351-358, 1986.
  26. Z. Liu and R. H. S. Winterton, A general correlation for saturated and subcooled flow boiling in tubes and annuli, based on a nucleate pool boiling equation, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 2759-2766, 1991.
  27. Z. Anwar, B. Palm, and R. Khodabandeh, Flow boiling heat transfer and dryout characteristics of R152a in a vertical mini-channel, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 53, pp. 207-217, 2014.
  28. Z. Anwar, B. Palm, and R. Khodabandeh, Flow boiling heat transfer, pressure drop and dryout characteristics of R1234yf: Experimental results and predictions, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 66, pp. 137-149, 2015.
  29. Z. Anwar, B. Palm, and R. Khodabandeh, Flow Boiling Heat Transfer and Dryout Characteristics of R600a in a Vertical Minichannel, vol. 36, pp. 1230-1240, 2015.
  30. Z. Anwar, B. E. Palm, and R. Khodabandeh, Dryout characteristics of natural and synthetic refrigerants in single vertical mini-channels, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 68, pp. 257-267, 2015.
  31. V. Gnielinski, ‘New equation for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow,' Int. Chem. Eng. vol. 16, pp. 359-368, 1976, pp. 1-12, 1976.
  32. Blasius H., The Law of Similarity for Frictions in Liquids, Notices of research in the field of engineering, Not. Res. F. Eng., vol. 131, pp. 1-41, 1913.
  33. NIST, National Institute of Standard and Technology, Refprop Version 9.0, Boulder Colorado, 2010.
  34. R. J. Moffat, Describing the uncertainties in experimental results, Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-17, 1988.
  35. N.W.S., J. Holman, Experimental Methods for Engineers, McGraw-Hill, 2000., vol. s1-VIII, no. 193. 1853.
  36. R. Brignoli, J. S. Brown, H. M. Skye, and P. A. Domanski, Évaluation De La Performance Du Frigorigène, Y Compris Les Effets Des Propriétés De Transport Et Des Échangeurs De Chaleur Optimisés, Int. J. Refrig., vol. 80, pp. 52-65, 2017.
  37. B. O. Bolaji, Energy Performance of Eco-friendly R152a and R600a Refrigerants as Alternative to R134a in Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, no. August, 2014.
  38. P. Jignesh and K. Vaghela, Comparative evaluation of an automobile air - conditioning system using R134a and its alternative refrigerants, Energy Procedia, vol. 109, no. November 2016, pp. 153-160, 2017.
  39. S. Daviran, A. Kasaeian, S. Golzari, O. Mahian, and S. Nasirivatan, A comparative study on the performance of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a as an alternative in automotive air conditioning systems A comparative study on the performance of HFO-1234yf and HFC-134a as an alternative in automotive air conditioning systems, Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 110, no. November 2017, pp. 1091-1100, 2016.
  40. P. Reasor and R. Radermacher, Refrigerant R1234yf Performance Comparison Investigation, 2010.
  41. S. Basu, S. Ndao, G. J. Michna, Y. Peles, and M. K. Jensen, Flow boiling of R134a in circular microtubes - Part I: Study of heat transfer characteristics, J. Heat Transfer, vol. 133, no. 5, 2011.
  42. A. S. Pamitran, K. Il Choi, J. T. Oh, and Nasruddin, Evaporation heat transfer coefficient in single circular small tubes for flow natural refrigerants of C3H8, NH3, and CO2, Int. J. Multiph. Flow, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 794-801, 2011.
  43. B. Citarella, G. Lillo, R. Mastrullo, A. W. Mauro, and L. Viscito, Experimental investigation on flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of refrigerants R32 and R290 in a stainless steel horizontal tube, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1224, no. 1, 2019.
  44. L. Wang, Y. Dai, J. Wu, and B. Li, Experimental investigation on flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of R1234ze(E)/R152a in 6-mm ID horizontal smooth tube, Exp. Heat Transf., vol. 00, no. 00, pp. 1-14, 2020.
  45. Q. Guo, M. Li, and X. Tian, Experimental study on flow boiling heat transfer characteristics of R134a, R245fa and R134a/R245fa mixture at high saturation temperatures, Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 150, no. November 2019, p. 106195, 2020.
  46. C. B. Tibiriçá and G. Ribatski, Flow boiling heat transfer of R134a and R245fa in a 2.3 mm tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transf., vol. 53, no. 11-12, pp. 2459-2468, 2010.
  47. M. H. Maqbool, B. Palm, and R. Khodabandeh, Boiling heat transfer of ammonia in vertical smooth mini channels: Experimental results and predictions, Int. J. Therm. Sci., vol. 54, pp. 13-21, 2012.
  48. F. W. D. and L. M. K. Boelter, Heat transfer in automobile radiators of the tubular type, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 12, pp. 3-22, 1985, J. Proteome Res., vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 4569-4578, 2016.
  49. M. Mahmoud and T. Karayiannis, A statistical correlation for flow boiling heat transfer in micro tubes, Proc. 3rd Eur. Conf. Microfluid., no. 2012, pp. 3-5, 2012.

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence