THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

LATE DIRECT FUEL INJECTION FOR REDUCED COMBUSTION RATES IN A GASOLINE CONTROLLED AUTO-IGNITION ENGINE

ABSTRACT
Homogeneous charge compression ignition concepts despite high efficiency and ultra-low nitrous oxides emissions, suffer from week controllability and load range limited by excessive pressure rise rates. In the present work, controlled auto-ignition is achieved via direct injection of gasoline into the exhaust gasses recompressed during negative valve overlap phase. Single cylinder engine experiments are designed to explore the potential of additional late post injection strategies for pressure rise rate and peak pressure suppressing. For two mixture strengths, fuel distribution is varied between 3 gasoline injection events. In-depth combustion analysis is supported by emission measurement results. Increasing the amount of gasoline, post-injected during the main compression event, was proven to be an effective measure for reducing pressure rise rates, with over 50% reduction potential. The regulation capability however, is limited by typical tread-offs between stratified and homogenous fuelling concepts. Using post injection strategy results in decreased hydrocarbon emissions, but causes rapid increase in carbon monoxide and particulate matter emissions. Nitrous oxide increase rate is dependent on mixture strength with significantly higher sensitivities during lean operation.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2018-02-24
PAPER REVISED: 2018-04-11
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2018-04-18
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2018-05-12
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI180224145H
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2018, VOLUME 22, ISSUE Issue 3, PAGES [1299 - 1309]
REFERENCES
  1. MacLean, H.L., Lave L.B., Evaluating automobile fuel/propulsion system technologies, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 29 (2003), pp. 1-69
  2. Nemati, A., et al., Decreasing the emissions of a partially premixed gasoline fueled compression ignition engine by means of injection characteristics and exhaust gas recirculation, Thermal Science, 15 (2011), pp. 939-952
  3. Reitz, R.D., Duraisamy, G., Review of high efficiency and clean reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion in internal combustion engines, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 46 (2015), pp. 12-71
  4. Lavy, J., et al., Innovative Ultra-low NOx controlled auto-ignition combustion process for gasoline engines: the 4-SPACE Project, SAE Technical Paper, 2000-01-1837 (2000)
  5. Zhao, H., et al., Performance and analysis of a 4-Stroke multi-cylinder gasoline engine with CAI combustion, SAE Technical Paper, 2002-01-0420 (2002)
  6. Yao, M., et al., Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 35 (2009), pp. 398-437
  7. Cairns, A., Blaxill, H., The effects of combined internal and external exhaust gas recirculation on gasoline controlled auto-ignition, SAE Technical Paper, 2005-01-0133 (2005)
  8. Hunicz J., Krzaczek P., Detailed speciation of emissions from low-temperature combustion in a gasoline HCCI engine, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 25 (2016), 1, pp.137-145
  9. Saxena, S., Bedoya, I. D., Fundamental phenomena affecting low temperature combustion and HCCI engines, high load limits and strategies for extending these limits, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 39 (2013), pp. 457-488
  10. Çeper, B.A., et al., Performance and emission characteristics of an IC engine under SI, SI-CAI and CAI combustion modes, Energy, 136, (2017), pp. 72-79
  11. Canakci, M., Combustion characteristics of a DI-HCCI gasoline engine running at different boost pressures, Fuel, 96 (2012) pp. 546-555
  12. Kulzer, A., et al., A thermodynamic study on boosted HCCI: Motivation, analysis and potential, SAE International Journal of Engines, 3 (2010), pp. 733-749
  13. Kulzer, A., et al., A thermodynamic study on boosted HCCI: Experimental results, SAE Technical Paper, 2011-01-0905 (2011)
  14. Sjöberg, M., et al., Potential of thermal stratification and combustion retard for reducing pressurerise rates in HCCI engines, based on multi-zone modeling and experiments, SAE Technical Paper, 2005-01-0113 (2005)
  15. Lawler, B., et al., Understanding the effect of operating conditions on thermal stratification and heat release in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine, Applied Thermal Engineering, 112 (2017), pp. 392-402
  16. Turkcan, A., et al., An experimental and modeling study to investigate effects of two-stage direct injection variations on HCCI combustion, Combustion Science and Technology, 187 (2015), 4, pp. 642-658
  17. Dec, J.E., et al., Boosted HCCI - controlling pressure-rise rates for performance improvements using partial fuel stratification with conventional gasoline, SAE International Journal of Engines, 4 (2011), pp. 1169-1189
  18. Mikulski, M., Wierzbicki, S., Validation of a zero-dimensional and two-phase combustion model for dual-fuel compression ignition engine simulation, Thermal Science, 21 (2017), pp. 387-399
  19. Mikulski, M., Bekdemir, C., Understanding the role of low reactivity fuel stratification in a dual fuel RCCI engine - A simulation study, Applied Energy, 191 (2017), pp. 689-708
  20. Turkcan, A., et al., Effects of second injection timing on combustion characteristics of a two stage direct injection gasoline-alcohol HCCI engine, Fuel, 111 (2013), pp. 30-39
  21. Kwon, O.S., Lim, O.T., Effect of boost pressure on thermal stratification in HCCI engine using the multi-zone model, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 24 (2010) 399-406
  22. Hunicz, J., et al, An experimental study on a boosted gasoline HCCI engine under different direct fuel injection strategies. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 62 (2015), pp. 151-163
  23. Kodavasal, J., et al., The effect of diluent composition on homogeneous charge compression ignition auto-ignition and combustion duration. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 35 (2014), 3, pp. 3019-3026
  24. Hunicz, J., et al., Effects of mixture stratification on combustion and emissions of boosted controlled auto-ignition engines, Energies, 10 (2017), 2172
  25. Hunicz, J., An experimental study into the chemical effects of direct gasoline injection into retained residuals in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine, International Journal of Engine Research, 11 (2016), pp. 1031-1044
  26. Hunicz, J., et al., Experimental investigation into thermal and chemical effects of negative valve overlap injection in a gasoline HCCI engine, SAE Technical Paper, 2014-01-2660 (2014)
  27. Ekoto, I.W., et al., Tailoring charge reactivity using in-cylinder generated reformate for gasoline compression ignition strategies, Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 139 (2017), 122801
  28. Hunicz, J., An Experimental study of combustion phasing control in CAI gasoline engine with in-cylinder fuel reforming, SAE Technical Paper, 2011-24-0052 (2011)
  29. Grabowski, L., et al., AVL simulation tools practical applications, Politechnika Lubelska, Graz-Lublin, 2012

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence