THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Thermal Science - Online First

Yan Wang

,

Shaozhong Liang

,

Jian Fu

,

Jian Zheng

,

Ya Wang

online first only

Multi-objective optimization of liquid cold plate with v-shaped ribs for lithium-ion batterys

ABSTRACT
The performance of lithium-ion batteries is affected by the operational temperature significantly for the NEVs, and should be below 338 K and 5 K, respectively in the actual project. An efficient thermal management system is essential for the battery, as it would ensure the safe operation and increase the battery life. In this study, the LCP with V-shaped ribs is applied to improve the heat transfer characteristics for guaranteeing the safe operational temperature of the battery. Based on the battery thermal models, the accuracy of numerical simulation through classical experimental correlation is verified, and is adopted to investigate the effects of different design factors on the heat dissipation of the battery, including the ribbed shaped, the distance between adjacent ribs and the inlet velocity of the coolant. The maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery and the pressure drop of the channel are taken as the design objectives. An orthogonal test and an entropy weighted-TOPSIS method are used to optimize the results with multi-objective analysis, then the optimal case of design parameters is obtained. The optimal case for the LCP is the ribbed shape of Model 2, the distance between the adjacent ribs of 30 mm and the inlet velocity of 0.3 m/s. A good balance is achieved between the heat dissipation of the battery pack and the pressure drop of the channel. The optimal case can reduce the maximum temperature and the temperature difference of the battery by 7.41K and 4.94K compared with the unoptimized cases, meanwhile the pressure drop is also effectively controlled.
KEYWORDS
Lithium-ion batteries, Liquid Cold plate, V-shaped ribs, heat dissipation, multi-objective optimization
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2024-07-23
PAPER REVISED: 2024-09-01
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2024-09-06
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2024-10-12
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI240723230W
REFERENCES
  1. Darcovich, K., et al. Comparison of cooling plate configurations for automotive battery pack thermal management, Applied Thermal Engineering 155 (2019), pp. 185-195
  2. Fu Y, Min H., et al. Integrated testing of electric vehicle thermal management and optimization of flow field uniformity in air supply system. Thermal Science, pp. 2024 (00): 45-45
  3. Rao, Z. H., et al. Experimental investigation on thermal management of electric vehicle battery with heat pipe, Energy Conversion and Management 65 (2013), pp. 92-97
  4. Liu, B. H., et al. Safety issues and mechanisms of lithium-ion battery cell upon mechanical abusive loading: A review, Energy Storage Materials 24 (2020), pp. 85-112
  5. Narayanasamy M P., et al. Heat transfer analysis of looped micro heat pipes with graphene oxide nanofluid for Li-ion battery, Thermal Science, (2021), pp. 25(1 Part A): 395-405
  6. Fang H, Xu J., et al. Comparative analysis of cooling effect of battery module cooling plate structures. Thermal Science, pp. (2023) (00): 166-166
  7. Liu, H. Q., et al. Thermal issues about Li-ion batteries and recent progress in battery thermal management systems: A review, Energy conversion and management 150 (2017), pp 304-330
  8. Li F. Simulation of temperature field and optimization of heat dissipation structure for lithium-ion power battery pack based on multi-objective function optimization. Thermal Science, pp. (2024), 28(2 Part B): 1263-1270
  9. Miao J., et al. Experimental and numerical analysis of variable cross-section channel liquid cooling plate for server chips thermal management. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, pp. (2024), 49: 102470
  10. Pesaran, A. A., Battery thermal management in EV and HEVs: issues and solutions, Battery Man 43.5 (2001), pp 34-49
  11. Li, Y. T., et al. Optimization of thermal management system for Li-ion batteries using phase change material, Applied Thermal Engineering 131 (2018), pp 766-778
  12. Zuo W., et al. Performance comparison between single S-channel and double S-channel cold plate for thermal management of a prismatic LiFePO4 battery. Renewable Energy (2022), pp.192: 46-57
  13. Zhao, D., et al. Research on battery thermal management system based on liquid cooling plate with honeycomb-like flow channel, Applied Thermal Engineering 218 (2023), pp. 119324
  14. Zhang C., et al. Effects of roughness elements on laminar flow and heat transfer in microchannels, Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification (2010), pp.49(11): 1188-1192
  15. Lu, B., et al. Experimental and numerical investigation of convection heat transfer in a rectangular channel with angled ribs, Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 30.6 (2006), pp. 513-521
  16. Kumar, A., et al. Thermohydraulic performance of rectangular ducts with different multiple V-rib roughness shapes: A comprehensive review and comparative study, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (2016), pp. 635-652
  17. Promvonge, P., et al. Numerical heat transfer study of turbulent square-duct flow through inline V-shaped discrete ribs, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 38.10 (2011), pp. 1392-1399
  18. Xu, G. Q., et al. Effect of rib spacing on heat transfer and friction in a rotating two-pass square channel with asymmetrical 90-deg rib turbulators, Applied Thermal Engineering 80 (2015), pp. 386-395
  19. Zhao, D., et al. Structure optimization of liquid-cooled plate for electric vehicle lithium-ion power batteries, International Journal of Thermal Sciences 195 (2024), pp. 108614
  20. Wu, C. T., et al. Innovative liquid cooling channel enhanced battery thermal management (BTM) structure based on stepwise optimization method, Journal of Energy Storage 81 (2024), pp. 110485
  21. Khoshvaght-Aliabadi M., et al. CFD study of rib-enhanced printed circuit heat exchangers for precoolers in solar power plants' supercritical CO2 cycle. Energy, pp. (2024), 292: 130418
  22. Song H., et al. Numerical simulation of thermal performance of cold plates for high heat flux electronics cooling. Thermal Science, pp. (2023) (00): 261-261
  23. Ding, Y. Z., et al. "Effect of liquid cooling system structure on lithium-ion battery pack temperature fields, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 183 (2022), pp. 122178
  24. Jiang, W., et al. Heat transfer performance enhancement of liquid cold plate based on mini V-shaped rib for battery thermal management, Applied Thermal Engineering 189 (2021), pp. 116729
  25. Vali M P S N., et al. Comparison study on cooling management of composite phase change material battery pack: Two different cases. Thermal Science, pp. 2023 (00): 218-218
  26. Ding, Y. H., et al. Effect of liquid cooling system structure on lithium-ion battery pack temperature fields, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 183 (2022), pp. 122178
  27. Khan, S. A., et al. Design of a new optimized U-shaped lightweight liquid-cooled battery thermal management system for electric vehicles: A machine learning approach, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 136 (2022), pp. 106209
  28. Li, B., et al. Analysis of heat dissipation performance of battery liquid cooling plate based on bionic structure, Sustainability 14.9 (2022), pp. 5541
  29. Deng, T., et al. Thermal performance of lithium-ion battery pack by using cold plate, Applied Thermal Engineering 160 (2019), pp. 114088
  30. Xu, X. M., et al. Numerical study and optimizing on cold plate splitter for lithium battery thermal management system, Applied Thermal Engineering 167 (2020), pp. 114787
  31. Fan, Y. W., et al. Numerical investigation on lithium-ion battery thermal management utilizing a novel tree-like channel liquid cooling plate exchanger, International journal of heat and mass transfer 183 (2022), pp. 122143
  32. Clark S H, Kays W M. Laminar-flow forced convection in rectangular tubes, Transactions of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, pp. (1953), 75(5): 859-866
  33. Xiao, H., et al. Turbulent heat transfer enhancement in the mini-channel by enhancing the original flow pattern with v-ribs, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 163 (2020), pp. 120378
  34. Tanda, G. Heat transfer in rectangular channels with transverse and V-shaped broken ribs, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47.2 (2004), pp. 229-243
  35. Xiao H., et al. A study on the mechanism of convective heat transfer enhancement based on heat convection velocity analysis. Energies, (2019), pp. 12(21): 4175
  36. Pan, C. F., et al. Structure optimization of battery module with a parallel multi-channel liquid cooling plate based on orthogonal test, Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 17.2 (2020), pp. 021104
  37. Jia qiang E., et al. Orthogonal experimental design of liquid-cooling structure on the cooling effect of a liquid-cooled battery thermal management system. Applied Thermal Engineering, (2018), pp.132: 508-520
  38. Satı, Z. E. Comparison of the criteria affecting the digital innovation performance of the European Union (EU) member and candidate countries with the entropy weight-TOPSIS method and investigation of its importance for SMEs, Technological Forecasting and Social Change 200 (2024), pp. 123
  39. Chen H, An Y. Green Residential Building Design Scheme Optimization Based on the Orthogonal Experiment EWM-TOPSIS,. Buildings, pp. 2024, 14(2): 452
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Multi-objective optimization of liquid cold plate with v-shaped ribs for lithium-ion batterys