THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Thermal Science - Online First

External Links

online first only

An overview of green hydrogen production system through low temperature water electrolysis using solar energy

ABSTRACT
Climate change and the increasing demand for energy become major issues in public discussions today. The Paris Agreement is one of the results of such public discussions that focuses on achieving the 2050 Net Zero Emission target. Many energy agencies have created scenarios to achieve this target. In this regard, green hydrogen is expected to have a significant role in energy transition plan. For this reason, in recent years, research related to green hydrogen production using the water electrolysis method continues to develop. The paper aimed primarily to conduct an overview of alternative technologies that can be used in producing green hydrogen with the solar energy based low temperature water electrolysis method. Secondarily, it would present information about several solar energy-based electrolysis project plans and a summary of challenges and opportunities in the development of solar energy based low temperature water electrolyzers in the future. Furthermore, to achieve commercially viable green hydrogen production, it is important to find new ideas, potential solutions, and constructive recommendations as soon as possible for further development research. This paper expectedly would be able to help initiate the development of green hydrogen production research through water electrolysis technology that is efficient, cost effective economically, and environmentally friendly.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2023-11-20
PAPER REVISED: 2024-03-01
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2024-03-08
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2024-04-14
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI231120084A
REFERENCES
  1. Amin, M., et al., Hydrogen Production Through Renewable And Non-Renewable Energy Processes And Their Impact On Climate Change, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 47 (2022), 77, pp. 33112-33134
  2. Ji, M., Wang, J., Review And Comparison Of Various Hydrogen Production Methods Based On Costs And Life Cycle Impact Assessment Indicators, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 46 (2021), 78, pp. 38612-38635
  3. Agyekum, E.B., et al., A Critical Review Of Renewable Hydrogen Production Methods: Factors Affecting Their Scale-Up And Its Role In Future Energy Generation, Membranes (Basel)., 12 (2022), 2, pp. 173
  4. IEA, Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, International Energy Agency, Paris Cedex, France, 2021
  5. Hermesmann, M., Müller, T.E., Green, Turquoise, Blue, Or Grey? Environmentally Friendly Hydrogen Production In Transforming Energy Systems, Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., 90 (2022), pp. 100996
  6. Gao, F.Y., et al., Seawater Electrolysis Technologies For Green Hydrogen Production: Challenges And Opportunities, Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng., 36 (2022), pp. 100827
  7. EIA, International Energy Outlook 2021 with Projections to 2050, U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, United States of America, 2021
  8. IRENA and OECD/IEA, Perspectives for The Energy Transition - Investment Needs for A Low-Carbon Energy System, International Renewable Energy Agency and International Energy Agency, 2017
  9. IRENA, Global Renewables Outlook: Energy Transformation 2050, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2020
  10. IRENA, World Energy Transitions Outlook 2022 : 1.5°C Pathway, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2022
  11. Teske, S., Achieving The Paris Climate Agreement Goals, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2019
  12. Grubler, A., et al., A Low Energy Demand Scenario For Meeting The 1.5 °c Target And Sustainable Development Goals Without Negative Emission Technologies, Nat. Energy, 3 (2018), 6, pp. 515-527
  13. Scott, K., et al., Demand Vs Supply-Side Approaches To Mitigation: What Final Energy Demand Assumptions Are Made To Meet 1.5 And 2 °C Targets?, Glob. Environ. Chang., 72 (2022), December 2021, pp. 102448
  14. Mauleón, I., A Statistical Model To Forecast And Simulate Energy Demand In The Long-Run, Smart Energy, 7 (2022), July, pp. 100084
  15. Watari, T., et al., Efficient Use Of Cement And Concrete To Reduce Reliance On Supply-Side Technologies For Net-Zero Emissions, Nat. Commun., 13 (2022), 1, pp. 1-9
  16. Ishaq, H., et al., A Review On Hydrogen Production And Utilization: Challenges And Opportunities, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 47 (2022), 62, pp. 26238-26264
  17. Seck, G.S., et al., Hydrogen And The Decarbonization Of The Energy System In Europe In 2050: A Detailed Model-Based Analysis, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 167 (2022), June, pp. 112779
  18. Gurbuz, H., The Effect Of H2 Purity On The Combustion, Performance, Emissions And Energy Costs In An SI Engine, Therm. Sci., 24 (2020), 1 Part A, pp. 37-49
  19. Rasul, M.G., et al., The Future Of Hydrogen: Challenges On Production, Storage And Applications, Energy Convers. Manag., 272 (2022), September, pp. 116326
  20. Pinsky, R., et al., Comparative Review Of Hydrogen Production Technologies For Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 123 (2020), February, pp. 103317
  21. Shiva Kumar, S., Lim, H., An Overview Of Water Electrolysis Technologies For Green Hydrogen Production, Energy Reports, 8 (2022), pp. 13793-13813
  22. Edwing, M., et al., Hydrogen On The Path To Net-Zero Emissions. Costs And Climate Benefits, Pembina Institute, Calgary, AB, Cananda, 2020
  23. Fallah Vostakola, M., et al., A Review On Recent Progress In The Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes, Energies, 15 (2022), 3, pp. 1209
  24. Osman, A.I., et al., Hydrogen Production, Storage, Utilisation And Environmental Impacts: A Review, Springer International Publishing, 2022
  25. Velazquez Abad, A., Dodds, P.E., Green Hydrogen Characterisation Initiatives: Definitions, Standards, Guarantees Of Origin, And Challenges, Energy Policy, 138 (2020), February, pp. 111300
  26. Zhou, Y., et al., Green Hydrogen: A Promising Way To The Carbon-Free Society, Chinese J. Chem. Eng., 43 (2022), pp. 2-13
  27. Thangaraj, S., Govindan, N., Consequences Of Suplementing The HHO Gas And CNG With EGR On Diesel Engine Characteristics, Therm. Sci., 26 (2022), 5 Part A, pp. 4003-4016
  28. Caparrós Mancera, J.J., et al., Sun, Heat And Electricity. A Comprehensive Study Of Non-Pollutant Alternatives To Produce Green Hydrogen, Int. J. Energy Res., (2022), July, pp. 17999-18028
  29. Manna, J., et al., Opportunities For Green Hydrogen Production In Petroleum Refining And Ammonia Synthesis Industries In India, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 46 (2021), 77, pp. 38212-38231
  30. Hydrogen Council and McKinsey & Company, Hydrogen For Net-Zero: A Critical Cost-Competitive Energy Vector, Hydrogen Council, 2021
  31. Acar, C., Dincer, I., Selection Criteria And Ranking For Sustainable Hydrogen Production Options, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 47 (2022), 95, pp. 40118-40137
  32. Li, X., et al., Water Splitting: From Electrode To Green Energy System, Nano-Micro Lett., 12 (2020), 1, pp.131
  33. Nasser, M., et al., A Review Of Water Electrolysis-Based Systems For Hydrogen Production Using Hybrid/Solar/Wind Energy Systems, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., (2022), pp. 86994-87018
  34. Hosseini, S.E., Wahid, M.A., Hydrogen From Solar Energy, A Clean Energy Carrier From A Sustainable Source Of Energy, Int. J. Energy Res., 44 (2020), 6, pp. 4110-4131
  35. Gopinath, M., Marimuthu, R., A Review On Solar Energy-Based Indirect Water-Splitting Methods For Hydrogen Generation, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 47 (2022), 89, pp. 37742-37759
  36. Benghanem, M., et al., Hydrogen Production Methods Based On Solar And Wind Energy: A Review, Energies, 16 (2023), 2, pp. 757
  37. Pan, J., Research On Fuel Cell Energy Storage Control And Power Generation System, Therm. Sci., 24 (2020), 5 Part B, pp. 3167-3176
  38. Gu, Y., Design And Simulation Of Hybrid Thermal Energy Storage Control For Photovoltaic Fuel Cell, Therm. Sci., 24 (2020), 5 Part B, pp. 3259-3267
  39. Boudries, R., Techno-Economic Study Of Hydrogen Production Using CSP Technology, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 43 (2018), 6, pp. 3406-3417
  40. Xiao, Z., Heat Transfer And Mechanical Characteristics Of The Absorber In Solar Photo-Thermal Power Generation System, Therm. Sci., 27 (2023), 2 Part A, pp. 1023-1030
  41. Wang, Y., et al., Three-Dimensional Modeling And Performance Optimization Of Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell, Fuel Cells, 20 (2020), 6, pp. 701-711
  42. López-Fernández, E., et al., Recent Advances In Alkaline Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis And Electrode Manufacturing, Molecules, 26 (2021), 21, pp. 6326
  43. Li, W., et al., Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis: Fundamentals, Progress, And New Strategies, Mater. Adv., 3 (2022), 14, pp. 5598-5644
  44. Luo, Y., et al., Bridging A Bi-Directional Connection Between Electricity And Fuels In Hybrid Multienergy Systems, in: Hybrid Systems and Multi-energy Networks for the Future Energy Internet, Elsevier, 2021, pp. 41-84
  45. Ferreira, A.P.R.A., et al., A Review Of The Use Of Electrolytic Cells For Energy And Environmental Applications, Energies, 16 (2023), 4, pp. 1593
  46. Megía, P.J., et al., Hydrogen Production Technologies: From Fossil Fuels Toward Renewable Sources. A Mini Review, Energy & Fuels, 35 (2021), 20, pp. 16403-16415
  47. Frowijn, L.S.F., van Sark, W.G.J.H.M., Analysis Of Photon-Driven Solar-To-Hydrogen Production Methods In The Netherlands, Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, 48 (2021), August, pp. 101631
  48. Melitos, G., et al., Waste To Sustainable Biohydrogen Production Via Photo-Fermentation And Biophotolysis − A Systematic Review, Renew. Energy Environ. Sustain., 6 (2021), pp. 45
  49. Keçebaş, A., et al., Electrochemical Hydrogen Generation, Sol. Hydrog. Prod. Process. Syst. Technol., (2019), pp. 299-317
  50. Brauns, J., Turek, T., Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered By Renewable Energy: A Review, Processes, 8 (2020), 2, pp. 248
  51. Jang, D., et al., Numerical Modeling And Analysis Of The Temperature Effect On The Performance Of An Alkaline Water Electrolysis System, J. Power Sources, 506 (2021), May, pp. 230106
  52. Yodwong, B., et al., AC-DC Converters For Electrolyzer Applications: State Of The Art And Future Challenges, Electronics, 9 (2020), 6, pp. 912
  53. Wang, T., et al., PEM Water Electrolysis For Hydrogen Production: Fundamentals, Advances, And Prospects, Carbon Neutrality, 1 (2022), 1, pp. 1-19
  54. D'Amore-Domenech, R., et al., Multicriteria Analysis Of Seawater Electrolysis Technologies For Green Hydrogen Production At Sea, Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 133 (2020), Desember, pp. 110166
  55. Węcel, D., et al., Investigation On System For Renewable Electricity Storage In Small Scale Integrating Photovoltaics, Batteries, And Hydrogen Generator, Energies, 13 (2020), 22, pp. 6039
  56. Xu, Q., et al., Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer: Electrode Design, Lab-Scaled Testing System And Performance Evaluation, EnergyChem, 4 (2022), 5, pp. 100087
  57. Zakaria, Z., Kamarudin, S.K., A Review Of Alkaline Solid Polymer Membrane In The Application Of AEM Electrolyzer: Materials And Characterization, Int. J. Energy Res., 45 (2021), 13, pp. 18337-18354
  58. ***, Enapter, The AEM Electrolyser
  59. IRENA, Green Hydrogen Cost Reduction: Scaling Up Electrolysers To Meet The 1.5 ◦C Climate Goal, International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi, 2020
  60. Li, C., Baek, J.B., The Promise Of Hydrogen Production From Alkaline Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers, Nano Energy, 87 (2021), February, pp. 106162
  61. ***, Fukushima Hydrogen Energy Research Field in Japan ready for green hydrogen production, Fuel Cells Bull., Mar. (2020), 3, pp. 1-1
  62. Shillington, P., Brady, M., Australian Hydrogen Projects Paper, 2020
  63. ***, French Guiana plans 140 MWh renewable energy storage system, Fuel Cells Bull., Jun (2018), 6, pp. 3-4
  64. ***, Nel Wins Iberdrola 20 MW Electrolyser Deal, Fuel Cells Bull., (2021), 2, pp. 10-10
  65. ***, GHS contract for 1.4 MW Power-to-X in NL, Fuel Cells Bull., (2020), 11, pp. 9-9
  66. Mantilla, S., Santos, D.M.F., Green And Blue Hydrogen Production: An Overview In Colombia, Energies, 15 (2022), 23, pp. 8862
  67. ***, Siemens Energy Opens Dubai Industrial-Scale Green Hydrogen Project, Fuel Cells Bull., (2021), 6, pp. 9-10
  68. ***, www.pv-magazine.com/2022/11/17/indonesias-3-5-gw-solar-megaproject-set-sights-on-green-hydrogen/
  69. Brown, A., Grünberg, N., Merics China Monitor How Policy, Research And Business Are Forging A New Industry, 2022
  70. ***, www.pv-magazine.com/2022/09/21/greece-approves-large-scale-solar-battery-hydrogen-project/