THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

Mehmet Cem Mentes

,

Mustafa Bahattin Celik

INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF ISOBUTANOL-GASOLINE BLENDS ON EXHAUST EMISSIONS AND ENGINE PERFORMANCE IN A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE

ABSTRACT
This is the effects of isobutanol, which is an isomer of butanol, mixed in different ratios in gasoline fuel in a low-power single-cylinder spark ignition engine exhaust emissions on and engine performance according to engine load changes. The amount of isobutanol in the fuel compared to gasoline fuel reduced CO emissions. The addition of isobutanol reduced HC emissions for all engine loads. In addition, the formation of isobutanol accumulation in the fuel in the spark ignition engine significantly reduced NOx emissions compared to gasoline. For the highest engine load, NOx emissions decreased by 39.55% for I20 fuel compared to gasoline. An increase was shown compared to brake specific fuel consumption gasoline in all mixture ratios with the use of isobutanol. The minimum brake specific fuel consumption was obtained as 383.76 g/kWh at 5000 W load with the use of I0 fuel. The maximum brake thermal efficiency value was obtained at 5000 W with the use of I0 fuel.
KEYWORDS
spark ignition engine performance, alternative fuel, isobutanol, emission
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2024-12-15
PAPER REVISED: 2025-02-19
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2025-03-15
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2025-09-26
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI2504967M
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2025, VOLUME 29, ISSUE Issue 4, PAGES [2967 - 2975]
REFERENCES
  1. Lee, Sunggyu., et al., Handbook of Alternative Fuel Technologies, CRC Press, Boka Raton, Fla, USA, 2007
  2. Awad, O. I., et al., Using Fusel Oil as a Blend in Gasoline to Improve SI Engine Efficiencies: A Comprehensive Review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 69 (2017), Oct., pp. 1232-1242
  3. Sun, S., et al., Vehicle Emissions in a Middle-Sized City of China: Current Status and Future Trends, Environ Int, 137 (2020), 105514
  4. Celik, M. B., Performance Improvement and Emission Reduction in Small Engine with Low Efficiency, Journal of the Energy Institute, 80 (2007), 3, pp. 175-180
  5. Celik, M. B., Experimental Determination of Suitable Ethanol-Gasoline Blend Rate at High Compression Ratio for Gasoline Engine, Appl. Therm. Eng., 28 (2008), 5-6, pp. 396-404
  6. Bayrakceken, H., Kus, R., Alternative Fuels Used in Vehicle, J. of Science, 6 (2006), 1, pp. 125-144
  7. Brownstein, A. M., Renewable Motor Fuels: The Past, the Present, and the Uncertain Future, Butter-worth-Heinemann, Oxford, UK, 2015
  8. Avci, A., Donmez, S., Butanol as Biofuel and Fermentation Production, Electronic Journal of Microbiology TR, 2 (2011), pp. 1-12
  9. Rosenblatt, D., et al., Particulate Measurements: Ethanol and Isobutanol in Direct Injection Spark Ignited Engines, Report, The International Energy Agency Advanced Motor Fuels, IEA, Annex 35-2, pp. 24-27
  10. Uslu, S., Investigation of Using Amyl Alcohol on Spark Ignition Engine with Experimental and Artificial Neural Networks, Ph. D. thesis, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey, 2018
  11. Irimescu, A., Study of Cold Start Air-Fuel Mixture Parameters for Spark Ignition Engines Fueled with Gasoline-Isobutanol Blends, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37 (2010), 9, pp. 1203-1207
  12. Schifter, I., et al., Performance and Emissions of Gasoline-Dual Alcohol Blends in Spark-Ignited Single Cylinder Engine, International Journal of Engine Research, 18 (2017), 9, pp. 941-950
  13. Kilicaslan, K., The Effect of Engine Performance and Exhaust Emissions of Isobutanol-Diesel Blends, Ph. D. thesis, Marmaru University, Istanbul, Turkey, 2010
  14. Elfasakhany, A., Investigations on Performance and Pollutant Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines Fueled with n-Butanol-, Isobutanol-, Ethanol-, Methanol-, and Acetone-Gasoline Blends: A Comparative Study, Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  15. Zaharin, M. S. M., et al., Evaluation on Physicochemical Properties of Iso-Butanol Additives in Ethanol-Gasoline Blend on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Spark-Ignition Engine, Appl. Therm. Eng., 144 (2018), Nov., pp. 960-971
  16. Garayev, A., et al., Performance and Emission Characteristics of Pyridine and Isobutanol Added Gasoline-Ethanol-Water Blends in a Single Cylinder SI Gasoline Engine, Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 41 (2021), 1, pp. 11-21
  17. Shang, W., et al., An Experimental Study on Combustion and Cycle-By-Cycle Variations of An N-Butanol Engine with Hydrogen Direct Injection under Lean Burn Conditions, Sensors, 22 (2022), 3
  18. Michelbach, C., Tomlin, A., An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study of the Ignition Delay and Heat Release Characteristics of a Five Component Gasoline Surrogate and Its Blends with Iso-Butanol within a Rapid Compression Machine, Int. J. Chem. Kinet., 53 (2021), 6, pp. 787-808
  19. Regalbuto, C., et al., Experimental Investigation of Butanol Isomer Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines, Proceedings, SAE Technical Papers, 2021-01-1271, 2012
  20. Alasfour, F. N., Effect of Using 30% Iso-Butanol-Gasoline Blend on Hydrocarbon Emissions from a Spark-Ignition Engine, Energy Sources, 21 (1999), 5, pp. 379-394
  21. Alasfour, F. N., NOx Emission from a Spark Ignition Engine Using 30% Iso-Butanol-Gasoline Blend: Part 1 Preheating Inlet Air, Applied Ther. Engin., 18 (1998), 5, pp. 249-256
  22. Alasfour, F. N., Butanol - a Single Cylinder Engine Study: Engine Performance, Int. J. Energy Res., 21 (1997), 1, pp. 21-30
  23. Elfasakhany, A., Experimental Investigation on SI Engine Using Gasoline and a Hybrid Iso-Butanol/Gasoline Fuel, Energy Convers. Manag., 95 (2015), May, pp. 398-405
  24. Irimescu, A., Fuel Conversion Efficiency of a Port Injection Engine Fueled with Gasoline-Isobutanol Blends, Energy, 36 (2011), 5, pp. 3030-3035
  25. Yusoff, M. N. A. M., et al., Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Butanol Isomer-Gasoline Blends, Transp. Res. D. Transp. Environ., 57 (2017), Dec., pp. 23-38
  26. Rice, R. W., et al., Exhaust Gas Emissions of Butanol, Ethanol, and Methanol-Gasoline Blends, J. of Engin. for Gas Turbines and Power, 113 (1991), 3, pp. 377-381
  27. Alasfour, F. N., A Single-Cylinder Engine Study: Availability Analysis, Applied Thermal Engineering, 17 (1997), 6, pp. 537-549
  28. Saraswat, M., et al., Performance and ission evaluation of Butanol blends in SI Engine, Proceedings, 2nd Int. Con. on Compu. and Expe. Methods in Mech. Engi., Greater Noida, India
  29. Wojcieszyk, M., et al., Performance of Anisole and Isobutanol as Gasoline Bio-Blendstocks for Spark Ignition Engines, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (2021), 16
  30. Varol, Y., et al., Comparison of Methanol, Ethanol, or N-Butanol Blending with Unleaded Gasoline on Exhaust Emissions of an SI Engine, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects, 36 (2014), 9, pp. 938-948
  31. Rodríguez-Antón, L. M., et al., Physical Properties of Gasoline, Isobutanol and ETBE Binary Blends in Comparison with Gasoline Ethanol Blends, Fuel, 166 (2016), Feb., pp. 73-78
  32. Awad, O. I., et al., Overview of the Oxygenated Fuels in Spark Ignition Engine: Environmental and Performance, Elsevier Ltd., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  33. Olson, A. L., et al., A Review of Isobutanol as a Fuel for Internal Combustion Engines, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), Energys, 16 (2023), 22, 7470
  34. Xiao, H., et al., Combustion Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Iso-Butanol/Biodiesel Blends, Fuel, 268 (2020), 117387
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Investigating the effects of isobutanol-gasoline blends on exhaust emissions and engine performance in a spark ignition engine

2025 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence