THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Yuxuan Qi

,

Chunlan Jiang

,

Yubiao Wei

,

Wenyu Xu

,

Zirui Jiang

,

Liang Mao

PERIDYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THERMAL RESPONSE OF HMX-BASED ALUMINIZED EXPLOSIVE

ABSTRACT
Peridynamic method has performed brilliant application prospects in many fields, especially the crack propagation and thermal-mechanical coupling problems. In this paper, a thermal peridynamic simulation with McGuire-Tarver reaction kinetics model in the heat source is conducted for revealing the thermal response of energetic materials. This model takes account of multi-steps chemical reaction during the heating process and is appropriate for the crack condition. Herein, cook-off test simulation of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX)-based aluminized explosive is carried out. Simulation results exhibit satisfactory accuracy compared with the previous experiments. The influence of heating rates and explosive component ratios on thermal response are also employed. The results show that heating rate plays an important rule on ignition time and position. The additions of HMX and ammonium perchlorate are likely to trigger more violent exothermic chemical reaction during the ignition process. Particularly, cook-off model of warhead with crack is built and calculated. The results indicate that crack may lead to thermal accumulation and reaction aggravation of the explosive.
KEYWORDS
peridynamic, thermal response, reaction kinetics, energetic materials, crack condition
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2024-06-01
PAPER REVISED: 2024-07-18
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2024-07-29
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2024-08-31
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI240601197Q
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2025, VOLUME 29, ISSUE Issue 2, PAGES [823 - 836]
REFERENCES
  1. Kou, Y. F., et al., Assessing the Thermal Safety of Solid Propellant Charges Based on Slow Cook-off Tests and Numerical Simulations, Combustion and Flame, 228 (2021), June, pp. 154-162
  2. Wen, Q., et al., Numerical Analysis of Response of a Fuze to Cook-off, Journal of Energetic Materials, 37 (2019), 3, pp. 340-355
  3. Zhu, M., et al., Numerical and Experimental Study on the Response Characteristics of Warhead in the Fast Cook-off Process, Defence Technology, 17 (2020), 4, pp. 1444-1452
  4. Hanina, E., et al., Prediction of Low-Velocity-Impact Ignition Threshold of Energetic Materials by Shear-Band Mesoscale Simulations, Journal of Energetic Materials, 36 (2018), 3, pp. 325-338
  5. Parker, G. R., et al., Direct Observation of Frictional Ignition in Dropped HMX-Based Polymer-Bonded Explosives, Combustion and Flame, 221 (2020), Nov., pp. 180-193
  6. Dickson, P. M., et al., Thermal Cook-off Response of Confined PBX 9501, Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A, 460 (2004), 2052, pp. 3447-3455
  7. Hobbs, M. L., et al., Vented and Sealed Cookoff of Powdered and Pressed ε-CL-20, Journal of Energetic Materials, 39 (2020), 4, pp. 432-451
  8. Asante, D. O., et al., The CFD Cook-off Simulation and Thermal Decomposition of Confined High Energetic Material, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 40 (2015), 5, pp. 699-705
  9. Gross, M. L., et al., Considerations for Fast Cook-off Simulations, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 41 (2016), 6, pp. 1036-1043
  10. Ye, Q., Yu, Y. G., Numerical Simulation of Cook-off Characteristics for AP/HTPB, Defence Technology, 14 (2018), 5, pp. 45-456
  11. Myint, P. C., Nichols, A. L., Thermodynamics of HMX Polymorphs and HMX/RDX Mixtures, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 56 (2016), 1, pp. 387-403
  12. Gu, J. S., et al., Kinetic Modelling of Liquid Phase RDX Thermal Decomposition Process and Its Application in the Slow Cook-off Test Prediction, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 46 (2021), 6, pp. 935-943
  13. Sahin, H., et al., Development of a Design Methodology Against Fast Cook-off Threat for Insensitive Munitions, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 41 (2016), 3, pp. 580-587
  14. Wang, X. Y., et al., Cook-off Characteristics of NTO/HMX-Based Plastic-Bonded Explosives in a Shaped Charge, Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics, 48 (2023), 3, e202200206
  15. Duan, Z. P., et al., Combustion Crack-Network Reaction Evolution Model for Highly-Confined Explosives, Defence Technology, 26 (2023), Aug., pp. 54-67
  16. Liu, C., Thompson, D. G., Deformation and Failure of a Heterogeneous High Explosive, Philosophical Magazine Letters, 92 (2012), 8, pp. 352-361
  17. Silling, S. A., Askari, E., A Meshfree Method Based on the Peridynamic Model of Solid Mechanics, Computers and Structures, 83 (2005), 17, pp. 1526-1535
  18. Zhan, J. M., et al., A Rate-Dependent Peridynamic Model for Predicting the Dynamic Response of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, Composite Structures, 263 (2021), 113673
  19. Zhang, Y., et al., Peridynamic Analysis of Ice Fragmentation under Explosive Loading on Varied Fracture Toughness of Ice with Fully Coupled Thermomechanics, Journal of Fluids and Structures, 112 (2022), 103594
  20. Wang, H., et al., Peridynamics-Based Analysis on Fracture Behaviors of a Turbine Blade Shroud, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 295 (2024), 109817
  21. Kazemi, S. R., Plastic Deformation Due to High-Velocity Impact Using Ordinary State-Based Peridynamic theory, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 137 (2020), 103470
  22. Madenci, E., Oterkus, S., Ordinary State-Based Peridynamics for Plastic Deformation According to Von Mises Yield Criteria with Isotropic Hardening, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 86 (2016), Jan., pp. 192-219
  23. Huang, J. S., et al., A Hybrid Polymer-Water Peridynamics Model for Ballistic Penetration Damage of Soft Materials, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 415 (2023), 116216
  24. Zhu, F., Zhao, J. D., Peridynamic Modelling of Blasting Induced Rock Fractures, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 153 (2021), 104469
  25. Yang, S. Y., et al., Explosion Damage Analysis of Concrete Structure with Bond-Associated Non-Ordinary state-Based Peridynamics, Engineering with Computers, 39 (2023), 1, pp. 607-624
  26. Deng, X. L., Wang, B., Peridynamic Modelling of Dynamic Damage of Polymer Bonded Explosive, Computational Materials Science, 173 (2020), 109405
  27. Huang, Y. F., et al., Peridynamic Investigation of Dynamic Damage Behaviors of PBX Confined in Spherical Steel Shells, Mechanics of Materials, 172 (2022), 104389
  28. Oterkus, E., Peridynamics for the Solution of Multiphysics Problems, Ph. D. thesis, The University of Arizona, Tuscon, Ariz., USA, 2015
  29. Oterkus, S., et al., Fully Coupled Peridynamic Thermomechanics, Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solid, 64 (2014), Mar., pp. 1-23
  30. Perry, W. L., et al., Impact-Induced Friction Ignition of an Explosive: Infrared Observations and Modelling, Journal of Applied Physics, 108 (2010), 8, 084902
  31. Liu, Z.R., et al., Cook-off Test and Numerical Simulation of HMX-Based Cast Explosive Containing AP, Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 36 (2022), 5, pp. 173-182
  32. Tarver, C. M., Koerner, J. G., Effects of Endothermic Binders on Times to Explosion of HMX- and TATB-Based Plastic Bonded Explosives, Journal of Energetic Materials, 26 (2008), 1, pp. 1-28
  33. Boldyrev, V. V., Thermal Decomposition Of Ammonium Perchlorate, Thermochimica Acta, 443 (2006), 1, pp. 1-36
  34. Dong, Z. L., et al., Cook-off Characteristics of HMX-Based Pressed Charges With Different Sizes, Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics, 38 (2024), 2, pp. 1-10
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Peridynamic simulation of thermal response of HMX-based aluminized explosive

2025 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence