THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Sanaur Rehman

,

Aijazul Haq

,

Taliv Hussain

,

Mohammad Asif

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIRECT INJECTION DIESEL ENGINE FUELED WITH DIESEL-ZNO NANOPARTICLES BLENDS

ABSTRACT
Present experimental study focused on investigating the effects of diesel-ZnO nanoparticles blends on the performance evaluation of a four stroke two-cylinder direct injection Diesel engine. Two blends were employed to analyze engine combustion and performance parameters at various engine loads and constant speed (1500 rpm) conditions. Blends were prepared by dispersing ZnO nanoparticles with diesel fuel in different dosing levels through the ultrasonication process. One blend has 30 ppm ZnO nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO30) and another has 60 ppm ZnO nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO60). It was found that combustion and performance characteristics improved at higher engine loads for all blends. Present experimental results revealed that blending of ZnO nanoparticles in diesel fuel enhance engine performance due to better in-cylinder combustion. Combustion characteristics like maximum cumulative heat release, maximum net heat release rate, and peak rate of pressure rise of Diesel engine were promoted due to nanoparticles additive. Percentage increase of 9.09 and 10.09 in duration of combustion of D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends respectively than diesel was recorded at full load. At full load conditions, brake thermal efficiency was improved by 2.63% and 0.36% for D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends, respectively, as compared to diesel. Moreover, brake specific fuel consumption of D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends also improved significantly than diesel. Hence, it can be stated that ZnO nanoparticles in lower concentration would be an effective approach to significantly improve Diesel engine combustion and performance parameters.
KEYWORDS
zinc oxide nanoparticles, concentrations, diesel engine, performance, combustion, blending
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2024-01-19
PAPER REVISED: 2024-05-30
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2024-06-16
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2024-10-12
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI240119209R
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2025, VOLUME 29, ISSUE Issue 1, PAGES [441 - 453]
REFERENCES
  1. Gad, M. S., Jayaraj, S., A Comparative Study on the Effect of Nano-Additives on the Performance and Emissions of a Diesel Engine Run on Jatropha biodiesel, Fuel, 267 (2020), 117168
  2. Lv, J., et al., The Effects of Nano-Additives Added to Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends on Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine: A Review, Energies, 15 (2022), 3, 1032
  3. Moorthi, M., et al., Effect of Nanoparticles on DI-CI Engine Characteristics Fueled with Biodiesel-Diesel Blends: A Critical Review, Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry, 147 (2022), 17, 9163
  4. El-Adawy, M., Effects of Diesel-Biodiesel Fuel Blends Doped with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Performance and Combustion Attributes of a Diesel Engine, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 80 (2023), Oct., pp. 269-281
  5. Venkatesan, S. P., et al., Combustion, Performances, and Emissions Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Aqueous Zinc Oxide Nanofluid Blends, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 45 (2019), 1, pp. 2922-2936
  6. Sam Sukumar, R., et al., Experimental Investigations with Zinc Oxide and Silver Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Performance and Emissions Study of Biodiesel Blends in Diesel Engine, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 43 (2020), 1, pp. 3020-3028
  7. Selvaganapthy, A., et al., An Experimental Investigation to Study the Effects of Various Nano Particles with Diesel on DI Diesel Engine, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 3 (2013), 1, pp.112-115
  8. Sadhik Basha, J., Anand, R. B., The Influence of Nano Additive Blended Biodiesel Fuels on the Working Characteristics of a Diesel Engine, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 35 (2013), May, pp. 257-264
  9. Rodriguez-Couto, S., Green Nanotechnology for Biofuel Production, in: (eds. Srivastava, N., et al.,) Sustainable Approaches for Biofuels Production Technologies. Biofuel and Biorefinery Technologies, Springer, Cham., New York, USA, Vol. 7, 2019
  10. Aalam, C. S., Saravanan, C. G., Effects of Nano Metal Oxide Blended Mahua Biodiesel on CRDI Diesel Engine, Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 8 (2017), 4, pp. 689-696
  11. Khan, J., et al., A Review on Advanced Carbon-Based Thermal Interface Materials for Electronic Devices, Carbon, 168 (2020), Oct., pp. 65-112
  12. Kalaimurugan, K., et al., Experimental Studies on the Influence of Copper Oxide Nanoparticle on Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blend in CI Engine, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 45 (2019), 3, pp. 8997-9012
  13. Vali, R. H., et al., Optimization of Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine Fueled with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Biodiesel Emulsion Using Response Surface Methodology, Fuel, 323 (2022), 124290
  14. Kumar, T. D., et al., Effect of a Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additive on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine Fuelled with Cotton Seed Biodiesel Blends, Materials Today: Proceedings, 26 (2020), Part 2, pp. 2374-2378
  15. Nanthagopal, K., et al., Influence on the Effect of Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles as an Additive with Calophyllum Inophyllum Methyl Ester in a CI Engine, Energy Conversion and Management, 146 (2017), Aug., pp. 8-19
  16. Suhel, A., et al., Impact of ZnO Nanoparticles as Additive on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil, Heliyon, 9 (2023), 4, e14782
  17. Singh, A, K., et al., Response Surface Optimization Approach to Enhance the Performance of Diesel Engine Using Ternary Blends of Biobutanol and Biodiesel Doped with ZnO Nanoparticles, Energy Conversion and Management, 300 (2024), 117899
  18. Youssef, A., Ibrahim, A., An Experimental Evaluation for the Performance of a Single Cylinder CI Engine Fueled by a Diesel-Biodiesel Blend with Alcohols and Zinc-Aluminate Nanoparticles as Additives, Materials Today: Proceedings, On-line first, doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2024.04.015, 2024
  19. Rajak, U., et al., Numerical and Experimental Investigation of CI Engine Behaviours Supported by Zinc Oxide Nanomaterial Along with Diesel Fuel, Energy, 239 (2022), Part E, 122424
  20. Chelliah, R., et al., Influence of ZnO and TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled with Okra Seed Bio-Diesel, Petroleum Science and Technology, On-line first, doi.org/10.1080/10916466.2024.2304786, 2024
  21. Rehman, S., et al., Experimental Investigation on Combustion and Performance Characteristics of a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine, Inte. J. of Energy for a Clean Environment, 23 (2023), 6, pp. 69-74
  22. Khatri, D., et al., Investigations for the Optimal Combination of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Diesel Fuel with Optimal Compression Ratio for Improving Performance and Reducing the Emission Features of Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine, Clean Techn Environ Policy, 21 (2019), June, pp. 1485-1498
  23. Basha, J. S, Anand, R. B., Performance, Emission and Combustion Characterizes of a Diesel Engine Using Carbon Nano Tubes Blended Jatropha Methyl Ester Emulsion, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 53 (2014), 2, pp. 259-273
  24. Selvaganapthy, A., et al., An Experimental Investigation to Study the Effects of Various Nano Particles with Diesel on DI Diesel Engine, ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 3 (2013), 1, pp. 112-115
  25. Karthikeyan, S., et al., An Environmental Effect of GSO Methyl Ester with ZnO Additive Fuelled Marine Engine, Indian J Geo-Mar Sci, 43 (2014), 4, pp. 564-570
  26. Karthikeyan. S., et al., Performance and Emission Study of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Addition with Pomolion Stearin Wax Biodiesel of CI Engine, J Sci Ind Res, 73 (2014), 3, pp. 187-190
  27. Heywood, J. B., Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals, McGraw Hill International, New York, USA, 2011, pp. 539-544
  28. Karthikeyan, S., et al., Diesel Engine Performance and Emission Analysis Using Canola Oil Methyl Ester with the Nano Sized Zinc Oxide Particles, Indian Journal of Engineering and Materials Sciences, 21 (2014), 1, pp. 83-87
  29. Soudagar, M. E. M., et al., Study of Diesel Engine Characteristics by Adding Nanosized Zinc Oxide and Diethyl Ether Additives in Mahua Biodiesel-Diesel Fuel Blend, Sci Rep, 10 (2020), 15326
  30. Hussain, F., et al., Enhancement in Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ce-ZnO Nanoparticle Additive Added to Soybean Biodiesel Blends, Energies, 13 (2020), 17, 4578
  31. Gavhane, S., et al., Effect of Zinc Oxide Nano-Additives and Soybean Biodiesel at Varying Loads and Compression Ratios on VCR Diesel Engine Characteristics, Symmetry, 12 (2020), 6, 1042
  32. Ansari, A. M., et al., Impact of Biodiesel Blended Fuel with Nanoparticles on Performance and Noise Emission in Compression Ignition Engine, International Journal of Thermofluids, 19 (2023), 100390
  33. Rehman, S., Hot Surface Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Sprays in Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Using Various Sensors, Cogent Eng., 5 (2018), 1, 1464879
  34. Kannan, G. R. et al., Effect of Metal Based Additive on Performance Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel, Applied energy, 88 (2011), 11, pp. 3694-3703
  35. Dhahad, H. A., Chaichan, M. T., The Impact of Adding Nano-Al2O3 and Nano-ZnO to Iraqi Diesel Fuel in Terms of Compression Ignition Engines' Performance and Emitted Pollutants, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 18 (2020), 100535
PDF VERSION [DOWNLOAD]
Performance evaluation of direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-ZnO nanoparticles blends

2025 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence