In view of the ecological environment damages caused by the loss of water resources and the gangue accumulation during coal mining, this paper proposed a solid backfill mining method to recover the coal seam under the water body, which could fundamentally reduce the sinking space of the overlying strata, and better prevent water-flowing fractures expanding. Consequently, according to the deformation characteristics of the overlying strata of the solid backfill mining, a mechanical model was established for superimposed beams on elastic foundation with simu­lating the expansion water-flowing fractures under solid backfill mining. A method of calculating the height of the water-flowing fractured zone was provided, and the mechanical mechanism of the development of water-flowing fractures in the overlying strata under solid backfill mining was expressed. Meanwhile, the backfill rate of the experimental working face was designed as 80% to avoid the ecological environment damages caused by gangue accumulation. The stress-strain characteristics of gangue samples under different grading size schemes were further studied.