THERMAL SCIENCE

International Scientific Journal

Authors of this Paper

External Links

IMPROVING THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF MICRO-CHANNEL ELECTRONIC HEAT SINK USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2 AS COOLANT

ABSTRACT
In view of increasing tendency of power density of electronic systems, cooling performance improvement of micro-channel heat sink is an emerging issue. In the present article, supercritical CO2 is proposed as a heat transfer fluid in micro-channel heat sink for power electronics cooling. Energetic and exergetic performance analyses of micro-channel heat sink using supercritical CO2 have been done and compared with conventional coolant, water. To take care of sharp change in properties in near critical region, the discretization technique has been used for simulation. Effects of both operating and geometric parameters (heat flux, flow rate, fluid inlet temperature, channel width ratio, and channel numbers) on thermal resistance, heat source (chip) temperature, pressure drop, pumping power and entropy generation are presented. Study shows that the thermal resistance, heat source temperature and pumping power are highly dependent on CO2 inlet pressure and temperature. Supercritical CO2 yields better performance than water for certain range of fluid inlet temperature. For the studied ranges, maximum reduction of thermal resistance by using CO2 is evaluated as 30%. Present study reveals that there is an opportunity to use supercritical CO2 as coolant for power electronic cooling at lower ambient temperature.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2016-11-10
PAPER REVISED: 2017-02-17
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2017-02-17
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2017-03-03
DOI REFERENCE: https://doi.org/10.2298/TSCI161110030S
CITATION EXPORT: view in browser or download as text file
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR 2019, VOLUME 23, ISSUE Issue 1, PAGES [243 - 253]
REFERENCES
  1. Tuckerman, D.B., Pease, R.F., High performance heat sinking for VLAI, IEEE Electron. Devices Letter, EDL-2 (1981), pp. 126-129.
  2. Yin, S., Tseng, K.J., Zhao, J., Design of AlN-based micro-channel heat sink in direct bond copper for power electronics packaging, Applied Thermal Engineering, 52 (2013), pp. 120-129.
  3. Lee, P.S., Garimella, S.V., Liu, D., Investigation of heat transfer in rectangular microchannels, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 48 (2005), pp. 1688-1704.
  4. Zhang, H.Y., Pinjala, D., Wong, T.N., Toh, K.C., Joshi, Y.K., Single-phase liquid cooled microchannel heat sink for electronic packages, Applied Thermal Engineering, 25 (2005), pp. 1472-1487.
  5. Herwig, H., Mahulikar, S.P., Variable property effects in single-phase incompressible flow through microchannels, International Journal of Thermal Science, 45 (2006), pp. 977-981.
  6. Morini, G.L., Scaling effects for liquid flows in microchannels, Heat Transfer Engineering, 27 (2006), pp. 64-73.
  7. Husain, A., Kim, K.-Y., Shape optimization of micro-channel heat sink for micro-electronic cooling, IEEE Trans. Component Packaging Technology, 31 (2008), pp. 322-330.
  8. Mohammed, H.A., Bhaskaran, G., Shuaib, N.H., Saidur, R., Heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in microchannels heat exchanger using nanofluids: A review, Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15 (2011), pp. 1502-1512.
  9. Lee, J., Mudawar, I., Assessment of the effectiveness of nanofluids for single-phase and two-phase heat transfer in micro-channels, International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer, 50 (2007), pp. 452-463.
  10. Chein, R., Chuang, J., Experimental microchannel heat sink performance studies using nanofluids, Int. Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46 (2007), pp. 57-66.
  11. Ho, C.J., Wei, L.C., Li, Z.W., An experimental investigation of forced convective cooling performance of a microchannel heat sink with Al2O3/water nanofluid, Applied Thermal Engineering, 30 (2010), pp. 96-103.
  12. Rimbault, B., Nguyen, C.T., Galanis, N., Experimental investigation of CuO-water nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a microchannel heat sink, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 84 (2014), pp. 275-292.
  13. Sakanova, A., Yin, S., Zhao, J., Wu, J.M., Leong, K.C., Optimization and comparison of double-layer and double-side micro-channel heat sinks with nanofluid for power electronics cooling, Applied Thermal Engineering, 65 (2014), pp. 124-134.
  14. Adham, A.M., Ghazali, N.M., Ahmad, R., Optimization of nanofluid-cooled microchannel heat sink, Thermal Science, 20 (2016), pp. 109-118.
  15. Sarkar, J., Transcritical CO2 refrigeration systems: comparison with convensional solutions and applications, International Journal of Air-Conditioning & Refrigeration, 20 (2012), no. 1250017.
  16. Groll, E.A., Kim, J.H., Review of recent advances toward trans-critical CO2 cycle technology, HVAC&R Research, 13 (2007), pp. 499-520.
  17. Ahn, Y., Bae, S.J., Kim, M., Cho, S.K., Baik, S., Lee, J.I., Cha, J.E., Review of supercritical CO2 power cycle technology and current status of research and development, Nuclear Engineering & Technology, 47 (2015), pp. 647-661.
  18. Sarkar, J., Review and future trends of supercritical CO2 Rankine cycle for low-grade heat conversion, Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 48 (2015), pp. 434-451.
  19. Xu, R., Zhang, L., Zhang, F., Jiang, P., A review on heat transfer and energy conversion in the enhanced geothermal systems with water/CO2 as working fluid, Int. Journal of Energy Research, 39 (2015), pp. 1722-1741.
  20. Sarkar, J., Performance of a flat plate solar thermal collector using supercritical carbon dioxide as heat transfer fluid. International Journal of Sustainable Energy, 32 (2013), pp. 531-543.
  21. Godec, M., Koperna, G. Gale, J., CO2-ECBM: A review of its status and global potential, Energy Procedia, 63 (2014), pp. 5858-5869.
  22. Meylan, F.D., Moreau, V., Erkman, S., CO2 utilization in the perspective of industrial ecology, an overview, J. CO2 Utilization, 12 (2015) pp. 101-108.
  23. Li, Z.H., Jiang, P.X., Zhao, C.R., Zhang, Y., Experimental investigation of convection heat transfer of CO2 at supercritical pressures in a vertical circular tube, Exp. Thermal Fluid Science, 34 (2010), pp. 1162-1171.
  24. Jiang, P.X., Liu, B., Zhao, C.R., Luo, F., Convection heat transfer of supercritical pressure carbon dioxide in a vertical micro tube from transition to turbulent flow regime, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 56 (2013), pp. 741-749.
  25. Xu, R.N., Luo, F., Jiang, P.X., Experimental research on the turbulent convection heat transfer of supercritical pressure CO2 in a serpentine vertical mini tube, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 91 (2015), pp. 552-561.
  26. Ducoulombier, M., Colasson, S., Haberschill, P., Tingaud, F., Charge reduction experimental investigation of CO2 single-phase flow in a horizontal microchannel with constant heat flux conditions, Int. J. Refrigeration, 34 (2011), pp. 827-833.
  27. Sarkar, J., Bhattacharyya, S., Ramgopal, M., CO2 heat pump dryer: Part 1. Mathematical model and simulation, Drying Technology, 24 (2005), pp. 1583-1591.

© 2024 Society of Thermal Engineers of Serbia. Published by the Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International licence