ABSTRACT
During a supersonic run of a blowdown wind tunnel, temperature of air in the test section drops which can affect planned measurements. Adverse thermal effects include variations of the Mach and Reynolds numbers, variation of airspeed, condensation of moisture on the model, change of characteristics of the instrumentation in the model, et cetera. Available data on thermal effects on instrumentation are pertaining primarily to long-run-duration wind tunnel facilities. In order to characterize such influences on instrumentation in the models, in short-run-duration blowdown wind tunnels, temperature measurements were made in the wing-panel-balance and main-balance spaces of two wind tunnel models tested in the T-38 wind tunnel. The measurements showed that model-interior temperature in a run increased at the beginning of the run, followed by a slower drop and, at the end of the run, by a large temperature drop. Panel-force balance was affected much more than the main balance. Ways of reducing the unwelcome thermal effects by instrumentation design and test planning are discussed.
KEYWORDS
PAPER SUBMITTED: 2016-04-04
PAPER REVISED: 2016-07-13
PAPER ACCEPTED: 2016-07-26
PUBLISHED ONLINE: 2016-08-07
THERMAL SCIENCE YEAR
2016, VOLUME
20, ISSUE
Issue 6, PAGES [2101 - 2112]
- Pope, A. and Goin, C.L., High-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, John Willey & Sons, New York, US, 1963
- Ferry, A. and Bogdonoff, S.M., Design and Operation of Intermittent Blowdown Wind Tunnels, AGARD-AG-1, NATO, Paris, 1954
- Lukasiewicz, J., Some Problems in Design and Operation of Blowdown Wind Tunnels, Zeitschrift für angewandte mathematic und Physik, 9 (1958), 5, pp. 422-437
- Daniels, W., Design and Development of the North American Aviation Trisonic Wind Tunnel, Proceedings, 9th Meeting of the Wind Tunnel and Model Testing Panel, NATO, Paris, France, 1956, AGARD-R-67
- Billington, I.J., Control of Temperature Variation in a Pressurized Intermittent Wind Tunnel, Canadian Aeronautical Journal, 5 (1959), 10
- Vitić, A. and Vuković, Đ., Control of Stagnation Temperature in the T-38 Wind Tunnel (in Serbian, Kontrola zaustavne temperature u aerotunelu T-38), Scientific Technical Review, XLV (1995), 8, pp. 8-12
- Bogdonoff, S.M., Project SQUID - the Princeton Pilot Variable Density Supersonic Wind Tunnel, PR-8, Princeton University, Princeton, USA, 1948
- ***, Strain Gage Thermal Output and Gage Factor Variation with Temperature, TN-504-1, VPG Micro Measurements, Wendell, USA, 2007
- Hereford, J., et al., TIGER: Development of Thermal Gradient Compensation Algorithms and Techniques, Proceedings, 2nd International Symposium on Strain Gage Balances, Bedford, UK, 1999
- Rhew, R.D., NASA LaRC Balance Design Concepts, Proceedings, 1st International Symposium on Strain Gage Balances, Hampton, USA, 1996, NASA CP-1999/209101
- Parker, P.A. Cryogenic Balance Technology at the National Transonic Facility, Proceedings, 39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, USA, 2001, AIAA-2001-0758
- ***, Cryogenic Technology, Proceedings, Conference held at Langley Research Center Hampton VA, USA, 1979, NASA CP-2212 part 2
- ***, Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Models - Design and Fabrication, Proceedings, Workshop held at NASA Langley Research Center Hampton VA, USA, 1982, NASA-CP-2262
- Erickson, G.E., Overview of Supersonic Aerodynamic Measurements in the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel, NASA/TM-2007-214894, NASA LaRC, Hampton, USA, 2007
- Medved, B. and Elfstrom, G., The Yugoslav 1.5m Trisonic Blowdown Wind Tunnel, Proceedings, 14th Aerodynamic Testing Conference, West Palm Beach, USA, 1986, AIAA-86-0746-CP
- Moore, T.C, Sr., Suggested Procedures for Installing Strain Gauges on Langley Research Center Wind Tunnel Balances, Custom force measuring transducers, Metallic and composite structural test articles, NASA/TM-2004-213017, NASA LaRC, Hampton, USA, 2004
- Parker, P.A. and Rhew, R.D., Impact of Thermal Gradients on Wind Tunnel Force Measurements, Proceedings, 37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, USA, 1999, AIAA-99-0309
- Damljanović, D. et al., Hypervelocity Ballistic Reference Models as Experimental Supersonic Test Cases, Aerospace Science and Technology, 52 (2016), May, pp. 189-197
- Damljanović, D., et al., Computational Fluid Dynamics and Wind Tunnel Determination of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Axi-symmetric Projectile With a Conical Tail Flare, Scientific Technical Review, 61 (2011), 3-4, pp. 49-55
- ***, Calibration and Use of Internal Wind Tunnel Balances with Application to Wind Tunnel Testing, AIAA Recommended Practice, AIAA-R-91-2003, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, USA, 2003
- Vuković, Đ., et al., Prototype of a Stiff Wind Tunnel Balance With Semiconductor Strain Gauges and Thermo-compensation Done by Software, Proceedings, 26th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, Anchorage, USA, 2008, ICAS2008-P2.9