TY - JOUR
TI - Thermal water utilization in the Hungarian greenhouse practice
AU - Nagygal Janos
AU - Toth Laszlo
AU - Horvath Balint
AU - Fogarassy Csaba
JN - Thermal Science
PY - 2018
VL - 22
IS - 2
SP - 1015
EP - 1024
PT - Article
AB - Corresponding author; E-mail: fogarassy.csaba@gtk.szie.hu This article  focuses on the usage of geothermic energy in greenhouses, its energy-,  economic efficiency-, and sustainability-related questions. The most notable  cost greenhouses produce during operation is the usage of heat energy, which  is why when planning a system for this purpose, the energetic analysis of the  solution to be used is one of the most important factors. The presented  analyses suggest that of the energy resources currently available and usable,  geothermic energy has the lowest unit cost. In the case of greenhouse  heating, this method turned out to be the most cost-effective among all  solutions using any of the energy resources. Regarding the environmental  aspect, the CO2 emission rates of the various heating methods have been  examined as well. Using the thermal water of the greenhouses before  reinjection is an efficient way of energy utilization. Even though the  firewood and pellet boilers look the most efficient forms for the first time,  past experiences proved them to be the most expensive ones as well.  Therefore, it can be stated that the utilization of geothermal energy is the  best solution for greenhouse heating, from the perspectives of economic and  environmental aspects as well. Based on the previous observations in terms of  environmental and economic efficiency this paper aims to discover the  opportunities for high-scale thermal utilization in Hungary in order to meet  its future renewable targets.