TY - JOUR
TI - A practical field study of performances of solar modules at various positions in Serbia
AU - Pantić Lana S
AU - Pavlović Tomislav M
AU - Milosavljević Dragana D
JN - Thermal Science
PY - 2015
VL - 19
IS - 12
SP - 511
EP - 523
PT - Article
AB - In this paper, results of practical field study of performances of three  identical monocrystalline solar modules, single power of 60 W, with different  inclinations (horizontal, optimally inclined oriented toward South and  vertically oriented toward South) in real meteorological conditions, in Nis,  Serbia, in 2013, are presented. On the basis of the measurement results of  solar energy intensity and electrical power generated with solar modules,  efficiency (η), Performance Ratio (PR) and fill factor (FF) were calculated.  In 2013, optimally inclined solar module generated 62.8 kWh, horizontal solar  module 58.1 kWh and vertical solar module 43.9 kWh of electrical energy. It  was found that annually the vertical solar module had the highest value of  efficiency (10.9%), then horizontal solar module (10.6%) and finally,  optimally inclined solar module (10.2%). Annually, the vertical solar module  had the highest value of Performance Ratio (0.93), then follows horizontal  solar module (0.91) and finally, optimally inclined solar module (0.86).  Annually, the horizontal solar module had the highest value of Fill Factor  (67.7), then follows vertical solar module (66.6) and, finally, optimally  inclined solar module (63.3). It was found that embodied energy payback time  (EEPBT) for a horizontal, optimally inclined and vertical BIPV system of  1020Wp would be 11.8, 10.9 and 15.6 years, respectively. The results obtained  by this study could be used in planning and constructing building-integrated  photovoltaics (BIPV), in Serbia. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike  Srbije, br. TR 33009]